Added REVPERTURB, reworked how we handle revision counts

The main change is adding LFS3_M_REVPERTURB, which will be necessary for
preerase allocations, but I got distracted and ended up giving the
revision count subsystem a bit of a refactor.

Main changes:

- Added LFS3_M_REVPERTURB, which ensures the leading bit in the
  revision count changes after each allocation/relocation/compaction.

  This is generally optional, but will be required for preerase
  allocations. Our ecksum system is only reliable if we ensure at least
  one bit changes, otherwise the chance of ecksum collision is very
  high.

  The downside of LFS3_M_REVPERTURB is that we need to read the contents
  of the new block to figure out what the bit should change to. Probably
  a minimal cost in the system, but still a good reason to make the
  behavior optional.

  Does LFS3_M_REVPERTURB have any use outside of preerased allocation?
  I'm not sure. Maybe it has some niche use reducing the chance of bd
  ECC collisions?

- Dropped LFS3_M_REVDBG, but adding low-effort debug bits that are
  always enabled.

  Making LFS3_M_REVDBG conditional was probably overkill. The flag
  checks probably cost more than the actual debug bits when enabled.

  Instead, replaced with a simpler, low-effort debug bit system, where
  we only set the debug bits during mdir allocation/relocation. These
  bits shouldn't change during normal compaction, but we _don't_
  introduce debug bits if mounting a filesystem from a driver without
  these debug bits.

- Restricted recycle counter to at most 20-bits to make space for
  things. This ensures perturb/debug bits don't get overwritten (though
  we really only care about perturb bits).

  2^20 (~1M) recycles is probably enough for any device littlefs will
  run on, especially considering the recycle_count should probably be
  several orders of magnitude smaller than the device's expected erase
  cycles.

  Worst case this can always be increased in the future without
  backwards incompatible changes. The only hard requirement for revision
  counts is that the full 32-bits are comparable.

- Simplified lfs3_rev_inc and friends, and moved most of the
  disk-dependent revision count stuff down into lfs3_rbyd appendrev.

  This deduplicates the messy revision count handling in
  lfs3_btree_commit_.

  Though note the implicit lfs3_rbyd_appendrev now defaults to writing
  the btree debug bits ('b'). A bit of a hack, but works for littlefs.

Here's the resulting encoding:

  vvvv---- -------- -------- -ddddddd
  vvvvrrrr rrrrrr-- -------- -ddddddd
  vvvvrrrr rrrrrrnn nnnnnnnn pddddddd
  '-.''----.----''----.----' ^'--.--'
    '------|----------|------|---|---- 4-bit relocation revision
           '----------|------|---|---- recycle-bits recycle counter
                      '------|---|---- pseudorandom noise (if revnoise)
                             '---|---- perturb bit (if revperturb)
                                 '---- low-effort debug bits
                              11-1---  - h = mroot anchor
                              11-11-1  - m = mdir
                              11---1-  - b = btree node

Note we store revision counts as le32s, so the perturb bit should end up
as the leading bit in the first byte.

Costs a bit more code (mostly because the debug bits are now
unconditional, even if low-effort), but simplifies the codebase:

                        code          stack          ctx
  before:              35124           2136          660
  after:               35144 (+0.1%)   2136 (+0.0%)  660 (+0.0%)
  after+yesrevperturb: 35192 (+0.2%)   2136 (+0.0%)  660 (+0.0%)

                        code          stack          ctx
  gbmap+np before:     38252           2144          776
  gbmap+np after:      38272 (+0.1%)   2144 (+0.0%)  776 (+0.0%)
  gbmap+np after+yrp:  38328 (+0.2%)   2144 (+0.0%)  776 (+0.0%)

                        code          stack          ctx
  gbmap+yp before:     38832           2168          796
  gbmap+yp after:      38852 (+0.1%)   2168 (+0.0%)  796 (+0.0%)
  gbmap+yp after+yrp:  38908 (+0.2%)   2168 (+0.0%)  796 (+0.0%)
This commit is contained in:
Christopher Haster
2025-12-29 16:50:04 -06:00
parent 2b1f2e3ca9
commit b3ab83d5b5
8 changed files with 220 additions and 320 deletions
+91 -200
View File
@@ -3241,15 +3241,55 @@ static lfs3_stag_t lfs3_rbyd_lookup(lfs3_t *lfs3, const lfs3_rbyd_t *rbyd,
// rbyd append operations
// needed in lfs3_rbyd_appendrev
static inline bool lfs3_m_isrevperturb(uint32_t flags);
static inline bool lfs3_m_isrevnoise(uint32_t flags);
// append a revision count
//
// this is optional, if not called revision count defaults to 0 (for btrees)
// this is optional, if not called revision count defaults
// to ~0 (+noise/perturb/debug, for btrees)
#ifndef LFS3_RDONLY
static int lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_rbyd_t *rbyd, uint32_t rev) {
static int lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_rbyd_t *rbyd,
uint32_t rev) {
// should only be called before any tags are written
LFS3_ASSERT(rbyd->eoff == 0);
LFS3_ASSERT(rbyd->cksum == 0);
// perturb first bit?
//
// this ensures at least one big changes in the new rbyd, and is
// necessary to invalidate any ecksums
#ifdef LFS3_REVPERTURB
if (lfs3_m_isrevperturb(lfs3->flags)) {
uint8_t e = 0;
int err = lfs3_bd_read(lfs3,
rbyd->blocks[0], 0, 0,
&e, 1);
if (err && err != LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
return err;
}
// perturb!
rev = (rev & ~0x80) | (~e & 0x80);
}
#endif
// xor in pseudorandom noise?
//
// this reduces chance of checksum collisions due to filesystem
// bugs, but is otherwise unnecessary, note we really don't want
// this enabled during testing!
#ifdef LFS3_REVNOISE
if (lfs3_m_isrevnoise(lfs3->flags)) {
rev ^= ~(~((1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1)
| 0xff)
// we need to use gcksum_p because we have be in the
// middle of updating the gcksum
& lfs3->gcksum_p;
}
#endif
// revision count stored as le32, we don't use a leb128 encoding as we
// intentionally allow the revision count to overflow
uint8_t rev_buf[sizeof(uint32_t)];
@@ -3578,7 +3618,9 @@ static int lfs3_rbyd_appendinit(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_rbyd_t *rbyd) {
// make sure every rbyd starts with a revision count
if (rbyd->eoff == 0) {
int err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, rbyd, 0);
// we only fallback to this when updating btrees, so default to
// btree debug bits, they're called low-effort after all
int err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, rbyd, 'b');
if (err) {
return err;
}
@@ -5814,18 +5856,6 @@ static int lfs3_btree_commit_(lfs3_t *lfs3,
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, child_, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
// bad prog? try another block
if (err == LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
goto relocate;
}
return err;
}
#endif
// try to compact
err = lfs3_rbyd_compact(lfs3, child_, &child, -1, -1);
if (err) {
@@ -5864,18 +5894,6 @@ static int lfs3_btree_commit_(lfs3_t *lfs3,
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, child_, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
// bad prog? try another block
if (err == LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
goto split_relocate_l;
}
return err;
}
#endif
// copy over tags < split_rid
err = lfs3_rbyd_compact(lfs3, child_, &child, -1, split_rid);
if (err) {
@@ -5920,18 +5938,6 @@ static int lfs3_btree_commit_(lfs3_t *lfs3,
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, &sibling, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
// bad prog? try another block
if (err == LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
goto split_relocate_r;
}
return err;
}
#endif
// copy over tags >= split_rid
err = lfs3_rbyd_compact(lfs3, &sibling, &child, split_rid, -1);
if (err) {
@@ -6048,18 +6054,6 @@ static int lfs3_btree_commit_(lfs3_t *lfs3,
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, child_, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
// bad prog? try another block
if (err == LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
goto merge_relocate;
}
return err;
}
#endif
// merge the siblings together
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendcompactrbyd(lfs3, child_, &child, -1, -1);
if (err) {
@@ -6154,18 +6148,6 @@ relocate:;
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, btree_, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
// bad prog? try another block
if (err == LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) {
goto relocate;
}
return err;
}
#endif
// bshrubs may call this just to migrate rattrs to a btree
if (lfs3_rbyd_isshrub(&btree->r)) {
err = lfs3_rbyd_compact(lfs3, btree_, &btree->r, -1, -1);
@@ -7294,13 +7276,13 @@ static inline bool lfs3_m_isrdonly(uint32_t flags) {
#endif
}
#ifdef LFS3_REVDBG
static inline bool lfs3_m_isrevdbg(uint32_t flags) {
#ifdef LFS3_REVPERTURB
static inline bool lfs3_m_isrevperturb(uint32_t flags) {
(void)flags;
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVDBG
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVPERTURB
return true;
#else
return flags & LFS3_M_REVDBG;
return flags & LFS3_M_REVPERTURB;
#endif
}
#endif
@@ -7773,89 +7755,32 @@ static int lfs3_fs_consumegdelta(lfs3_t *lfs3, const lfs3_mdir_t *mdir) {
/// Revision count things ///
// in mdirs, our revision count is broken down into 1-4 parts:
// note! the only strict requirement for revision counts is that the
// most recent block has the most recent revision count, all drivers
// must be ok with _simple_ 32-bit counters!
//
// vvvv---- -------- -------- --------
// vvvvrrrr rrrrrr-- -------- --------
// vvvvrrrr rrrrrrnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn
// vvvvrrrr rrrrrrnn nnnnnnnn dddddddd
// '-.''----.----''----.- - - '---.--'
// '------|----------|----------|---- 4-bit relocation revision
// '----------|----------|---- recycle-bits recycle counter
// '----------|---- pseudorandom noise (if revnoise)
// '---- h, i, m, or b (if revdbg)
// -11-1--- - h = mroot anchor
// -11-1--1 - i = mroot
// -11-11-1 - m = mdir
// -11---1- - b = btree node
// with that said, this driver crams a few more _optional_ features
// into those 32-bits:
//
// vvvv---- -------- -------- -ddddddd
// vvvvrrrr rrrrrr-- -------- -ddddddd
// vvvvrrrr rrrrrrnn nnnnnnnn pddddddd
// '-.''----.----''----.----' ^'--.--'
// '------|----------|------|---|---- 4-bit relocation revision
// '----------|------|---|---- recycle-bits recycle counter
// '------|---|---- pseudorandom noise (if revnoise)
// '---|---- perturb bit (if revperturb)
// '---- low-effort debug bits
// 11-1--- - h = mroot anchor
// 11-11-1 - m = mdir
// 11---1- - b = btree node
//
// needed in lfs3_rev_init
static inline bool lfs3_mdir_ismrootanchor(const lfs3_mdir_t *mdir);
static inline int lfs3_mdir_cmp(const lfs3_mdir_t *a, const lfs3_mdir_t *b);
#ifndef LFS3_RDONLY
static inline uint32_t lfs3_rev_init(lfs3_t *lfs3, const lfs3_mdir_t *mdir,
uint32_t rev) {
static inline uint32_t lfs3_rev_init(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t rev) {
(void)lfs3;
(void)mdir;
// we really only care about the top revision bits here
rev &= ~((1 << 28)-1);
// increment revision
rev += 1 << 28;
// xor in pseudorandom noise?
#ifdef LFS3_REVNOISE
if (lfs3_m_isrevnoise(lfs3->flags)) {
rev ^= ((1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1)
// we need to use gcksum_p because we have be in the
// middle of updating the gcksum
& lfs3->gcksum_p;
}
#endif
// include debug bits?
#ifdef LFS3_REVDBG
if (lfs3_m_isrevdbg(lfs3->flags)) {
uint32_t mask = (1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1;
// mroot anchor?
if (lfs3_mdir_ismrootanchor(mdir)) {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x68);
// mroot?
} else if (mdir->mid <= -1
|| lfs3_mdir_cmp(mdir, &lfs3->mroot) == 0) {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x69);
// mdir?
} else {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x6d);
}
}
#endif
return rev;
}
#endif
// btrees don't normally need revision counts, but we make use of them
// if revdbg or revnoise is enabled
#ifndef LFS3_RDONLY
static inline uint32_t lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3_t *lfs3) {
(void)lfs3;
uint32_t rev = 0;
// xor in pseudorandom noise?
#ifdef LFS3_REVNOISE
if (lfs3_m_isrevnoise(lfs3->flags)) {
// keep the top nibble zero
rev ^= 0x0fffffff
// we need to use gcksum_p because we have be in the
// middle of updating the gcksum
& lfs3->gcksum_p;
}
#endif
// include debug bits?
#ifdef LFS3_REVDBG
if (lfs3_m_isrevdbg(lfs3->flags)) {
rev = (rev & ~0xff) | 0x62;
}
#endif
return rev;
// we really only care about the top revision bits here, increment
return (rev & ~((1 << 28)-1)) + (1 << 28);
}
#endif
@@ -7872,38 +7797,9 @@ static inline bool lfs3_rev_needsrelocation(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t rev) {
#endif
#ifndef LFS3_RDONLY
static inline uint32_t lfs3_rev_inc(lfs3_t *lfs3, const lfs3_mdir_t *mdir,
uint32_t rev) {
(void)mdir;
static inline uint32_t lfs3_rev_inc(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t rev) {
// increment recycle counter/revision
rev += 1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0));
// xor in pseudorandom noise?
#ifdef LFS3_REVNOISE
if (lfs3_m_isrevnoise(lfs3->flags)) {
rev ^= ((1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1)
// we need to use gcksum_p because we have be in the
// middle of updating the gcksum
& lfs3->gcksum_p;
}
#endif
// include debug bits?
#ifdef LFS3_REVDBG
if (lfs3_m_isrevdbg(lfs3->flags)) {
uint32_t mask = (1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1;
// mroot anchor?
if (lfs3_mdir_ismrootanchor(mdir)) {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x68);
// mroot?
} else if (mdir->mid <= -1
|| lfs3_mdir_cmp(mdir, &lfs3->mroot) == 0) {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x69);
// mdir?
} else {
rev = (rev & ~(mask & 0xff)) | (mask & 0x6d);
}
}
#endif
return rev;
return rev + (1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)));
}
#endif
@@ -8190,8 +8086,8 @@ static int lfs3_mdir_alloc___(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_mdir_t *mdir,
}
// note we allow corrupt errors here, as long as they are consistent
rev = (err != LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) ? lfs3_fromle32(&rev) : 0;
// reset recycle bits in revision count and increment
rev = lfs3_rev_init(lfs3, mdir, rev);
// reset recycle bits in revision count, add low-effort debug bits
rev = lfs3_rev_init(lfs3, rev) | 'm';
relocate:;
// allocate another block with an erase
@@ -8236,8 +8132,6 @@ static int lfs3_mdir_swap___(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_mdir_t *mdir_,
}
// note we allow corrupt errors here, as long as they are consistent
rev = (err != LFS3_ERR_CORRUPT) ? lfs3_fromle32(&rev) : 0;
// increment our revision count
rev = lfs3_rev_inc(lfs3, mdir_, rev);
// decide if we need to relocate
if (!force && lfs3_rev_needsrelocation(lfs3, rev)) {
@@ -8259,7 +8153,8 @@ static int lfs3_mdir_swap___(lfs3_t *lfs3, lfs3_mdir_t *mdir_,
}
// increment our revision count and write it to our rbyd
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, &mdir_->r, rev);
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, &mdir_->r,
lfs3_rev_inc(lfs3, rev));
if (err) {
return err;
}
@@ -15098,7 +14993,7 @@ static int lfs3_init(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
| LFS3_M_RDONLY
| LFS3_M_FLUSH
| LFS3_M_SYNC
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_M_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_M_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_M_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_M_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_M_CKFETCHES, 0)
@@ -15266,6 +15161,10 @@ static int lfs3_init(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
lfs3->recycle_bits = lfs3_min(
lfs3_nlog2(2*(lfs3->cfg->block_recycles+1)+1)-1,
28);
// we're currently limited to 20-bits to keep space for
// perturb/low-effort debug bits, though this could be relaxed
// in the future
LFS3_ASSERT(lfs3->recycle_bits <= 20);
} else {
lfs3->recycle_bits = -1;
}
@@ -15997,8 +15896,8 @@ int lfs3_mount(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
#ifdef LFS3_YES_SYNC
flags |= LFS3_M_SYNC;
#endif
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVDBG
flags |= LFS3_M_REVDBG;
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVPERTURB
flags |= LFS3_M_REVPERTURB;
#endif
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVNOISE
flags |= LFS3_M_REVNOISE;
@@ -16040,7 +15939,7 @@ int lfs3_mount(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
| LFS3_M_RDONLY
| LFS3_M_FLUSH
| LFS3_M_SYNC
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_M_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_M_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_M_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_M_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_M_CKFETCHES, 0)
@@ -16072,7 +15971,7 @@ int lfs3_mount(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
| LFS3_M_RDONLY
| LFS3_M_FLUSH
| LFS3_M_SYNC
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_M_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_M_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_M_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_M_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_M_CKFETCHES, 0)
@@ -16172,14 +16071,6 @@ static int lfs3_formatgbmap(lfs3_t *lfs3) {
return err;
}
#if defined(LFS3_REVDBG) || defined(LFS3_REVNOISE)
// append a revision count?
err = lfs3_rbyd_appendrev(lfs3, &lfs3->gbmap.b.r, lfs3_rev_btree(lfs3));
if (err) {
return err;
}
#endif
err = lfs3_rbyd_commit(lfs3, &lfs3->gbmap.b.r, 0, LFS3_RATTRS(
// blocks 0..3 - in-use
LFS3_RATTR(2, LFS3_TAG_BMINUSE, -2),
@@ -16228,7 +16119,7 @@ static int lfs3_formatinited(lfs3_t *lfs3) {
// the initial revision count is arbitrary, but it's nice to have
// something here to tell the initial mroot apart from btree nodes
// (rev=0), it's also useful for start with -1 and 0 in the upper
// (rev=0), it's also useful to start with -1 and 0 in the upper
// bits to help test overflow/sequence comparison
uint32_t rev = (((uint32_t)i-1) << 28)
| (((1 << (28-lfs3_smax(lfs3->recycle_bits, 0)))-1)
@@ -16324,8 +16215,8 @@ int lfs3_format(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
#ifdef LFS3_YES_GBMAP
flags |= LFS3_F_GBMAP;
#endif
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVDBG
flags |= LFS3_F_REVDBG;
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVPERTURB
flags |= LFS3_F_REVPERTURB;
#endif
#ifdef LFS3_YES_REVNOISE
flags |= LFS3_F_REVNOISE;
@@ -16365,7 +16256,7 @@ int lfs3_format(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
LFS3_ASSERT((flags & ~(
LFS3_F_RDWR
| LFS3_IFDEF_GBMAP(LFS3_F_GBMAP, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_F_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_F_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_F_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_F_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_F_CKFETCHES, 0)
@@ -16384,7 +16275,7 @@ int lfs3_format(lfs3_t *lfs3, uint32_t flags,
flags & (
LFS3_F_RDWR
| LFS3_IFDEF_GBMAP(LFS3_F_GBMAP, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_F_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_F_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_F_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_F_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_F_CKFETCHES, 0)
@@ -16456,7 +16347,7 @@ int lfs3_fs_stat(lfs3_t *lfs3, struct lfs3_fsinfo *fsinfo) {
LFS3_I_RDONLY
| LFS3_I_FLUSH
| LFS3_I_SYNC
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVDBG(LFS3_I_REVDBG, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVPERTURB(LFS3_I_REVPERTURB, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_REVNOISE(LFS3_I_REVNOISE, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKPROGS(LFS3_I_CKPROGS, 0)
| LFS3_IFDEF_CKFETCHES(LFS3_I_CKFETCHES, 0)