R0.15a patch 1

January 9, 2025 FatFs fails to load the FsInfo in FAT32 volumes and the f_getfree function will always be forced a full FAT scan which takes a long time. This problem was appeared at R0.15a and reported via an e-mail.
R0.15a
2025-01-09 16:48:01 -07:00 · 2024-11-25 16:44:32 -07:00 · 2023-08-16 17:35:03 -07:00 · 2022-12-05 17:41:11 -07:00 · 2022-11-14 17:45:28 -07:00 · 2022-11-14 17:38:57 -07:00
66 changed files with 2116 additions and 1724 deletions
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ User Forum], not to this repo.
 == License
-FatFs module is a free software that opened under license policy of
+Copyright (C) 2022, ChaN, all right reserved.
 following conditions.
-Copyright (C) 2015, ChaN, all right reserved.
+FatFs module is an open source software. Redistribution and use of FatFs in
 source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
 that the following condition is met:
 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
   this condition and the following disclaimer.
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
 <meta name="description" content="Open source FAT filesystem for embedded projects">
 <link rel="start" title="Site Top" href="../../">
 <link rel="up" title="Freewares" href="../../fsw_e.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem Module</title>
 </head>
@@ -15,22 +17,22 @@
 <div class="abst">
 <img src="res/layers.png" class="rset" width="245" height="255" alt="layer">
-<p>FatFs is a generic FAT/exFAT filesystem module for small embedded systems. The FatFs module is written in compliance with ANSI C (C89) and completely separated from the disk I/O layer. Therefore it is independent of the platform. It can be incorporated into small microcontrollers with limited resource, such as 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM, Z80, RX and etc. Also Petit FatFs module for tiny microcontrollers is available <a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_p.html">here</a>.</p>
+<p>FatFs is a generic FAT/exFAT filesystem module for small embedded systems. The FatFs module is written in compliance with ANSI C (C89) and completely separated from the disk control layer. Therefore it is independent of the platforms and storage devices. It can be incorporated into small microcontrollers with limited resource, such as 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM, Z80, RX and etc. Also Petit FatFs module for tiny microcontrollers is available <a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_p.html">here</a>.</p>
 <h4>Features</h4>
 <ul>
- <li>DOS/Windows compatible FAT/exFAT filesystem.</li>
+ <li>DOS/Windows Compatible FAT/exFAT Filesystem.</li>
- <li>Platform independent. <a href="doc/appnote.html#port">Easy to port</a>.</li>
+ <li>Platform Independent. <a href="doc/appnote.html#port">Easy to port</a>.</li>
- <li>Very small <a href="doc/appnote.html#memory">footprint</a> for program code and work area.</li>
+ <li>Very Small <a href="doc/appnote.html#memory">Footprint</a> for Program Code and Work Area.</li>
- <li>Various <a href="doc/config.html">configuration options</a> to support for:
+ <li>Various <a href="doc/config.html">Configuration Options</a> to Support for:
  <ul>
-   <li>Long file name in ANSI/OEM or Unicode.</li>
+   <li>Long File Name in ANSI/OEM or Unicode.</li>
-   <li>exFAT filesystem, 64-bit LBA and GPT for huge storages.</li>
+   <li>exFAT Filesystem, 64-bit LBA and GPT for Huge Storages.</li>
-   <li>Thread safe for RTOS.</li>
+   <li>Thread Safe for RTOS.</li>
-   <li>Multiple volumes. (physical drives and partitions)</li>
+   <li>Multiple Volumes. (Physical Drives and Partitions)</li>
-   <li>Variable sector size.</li>
+   <li>Variable Sector Size.</li>
-   <li>Multiple code pages including DBCS.</li>
+   <li>Multiple Code Pages Including DBCS.</li>
-   <li>Read-only, optional APIs, I/O buffer and etc...</li>
+   <li>Read-only, Optional APIs, I/O Buffer and etc...</li>
  </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@
 <div class="para">
 <h3>Media Access Interface</h3>
 <img src="res/layers2.png" class="rset" width="245" height="220" alt="layer">
-<p>Since FatFs module is the <em>Filesystem Layer</em> independent of platforms and storage media, it is completely separated from the physical devices, such as memory card, harddisk and any type of storage device. The storage device control module is <em>not any part of FatFs module</em> and it needs to be provided by implementer. FatFs controls the storage devices via a simple media access interface shown below. Also sample implementations for some platforms are available in the downloads. A function checker for storage device control module is available <a href="res/app4.c">here</a>.</p>
+<p>Since FatFs module is the <em>Filesystem Layer</em> independent of platforms and storage media, it is completely separated from the physical devices, such as memory card, harddisk and any type of storage device. The storage device control module is <em>not a part of FatFs module</em> and it needs to be provided by implementer. FatFs controls the storage devices via a simple media access interface shown below. Also sample implementations for some platforms are available in the downloads. A function checker for storage device control module is available <a href="res/app4.c">here</a>.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>Storage Device Controls
 <ul>
@@ -127,20 +129,18 @@
 <h3>Resources</h3>
 <p>The FatFs module is a free software opened for education, research and development. You can use, modify and/or redistribute it for any purpose without any restriction under your responsibility. For further information, refer to the application note.</p>
 <ul>
- <li><em>Getting Started: <a href="doc/appnote.html">FatFs Application Node</a></em></li>
+ <li><em>Getting Started: <a href="doc/appnote.html">FatFs Application Note</a></em></li>
- <li>Download: <a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/archives.html">Previous Releases</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg463080.aspx">FAT32 Specification by Microsoft</a> (The authorized document on FAT filesystem)</li>
- <li>Community: <a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/bd/">FatFs User Forum</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/docs/fat_e.html">The basics of FAT filesystem</a> (FatFs is written based on this documentation)</li>
- <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg463080.aspx">FAT32 Specification by Microsoft</a>↗ (The authorized document on FAT filesystem)</li>
+ <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/docs/exfat_e.html">The basics of exFAT filesystem</a> (FatFs is written based on this documentation)</li>
 <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/docs/fat_e.html">The basics of FAT filesystem</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/docs/exfat_e.html">The basics of exFAT filesystem</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/docs/mmc/mmc_e.html">How to use MMC/SDC</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://elm-chan.org/junk/fa/faff.html">Playing with FlashAir and FatFs</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://nemuisan.blog.bai.ne.jp/">Nemuisan's Blog</a>↗ (Well written implementations for STM32F/SPI &amp; SDIO and LPC4088/SDMMC)</li>
+ <li><a href="http://nemuisan.blog.bai.ne.jp/">Nemuisan's Blog</a> (Well written implementations for STM32F/SPI &amp; SDIO and LPC4088/SDMMC)</li>
- <li><a href="http://stm32f4-discovery.net/2014/07/library-21-read-sd-card-fatfs-stm32f4xx-devices/">Read SD card with FatFs on STM32F4xx devices by Tilen Majerle</a>↗ (Quick and easy implementation for STM32F4-Discovery)</li>
+ <li><a href="http://stm32f4-discovery.net/2014/07/library-21-read-sd-card-fatfs-stm32f4xx-devices/">Read SD card with FatFs on STM32F4xx devices by Tilen Majerle</a> (Quick and easy implementation for STM32F4-Discovery)</li>
 <li><a href="res/rwtest1.png">Benchmark 1</a> (ATmega1284/20MHz with MMC via USART in SPI, CFC via GPIO)</li>
 <li><a href="res/rwtest2.png">Benchmark 2</a> (LPC2368/72MHz with MMC via MCI)</li>
 <li><a href="res/fd.mp4">Demo movie of an application</a> (this project is in ffsample.zip/lpc23xx)</li></ul>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <p class="foot"><a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/">Go to FatFs Home Page</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ strong {}
 pre {border: 1px dashed gray; margin: 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 85%; font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace; background-color: white;}
 pre span.c {color: green;}
 pre span.k {color: blue;}
 pre span.e {color: red;}
 pre span.b {font-weight: bold;}
 pre span.arg {font-style: italic;}
 tt {margin: 0 0.2em; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace; }
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ div.ret a {font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace;
 ul.flat li {list-style-type: none; margin: 0;}
 a.imglnk img {border: 1px solid;}
 .iequ {white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold;}
 .lnk {opacity: 0.5;}
 .clr {clear: both;}
 .it {font-style: italic;}
 .mfd {font-size: 0.7em; padding: 0 1px; border: 1px solid; white-space : nowrap}
@@ -57,13 +59,16 @@ small {font-size: 80%;}
 .indent {margin-left: 2em;}
 /* Tables */
-table {margin: 0.5em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px solid black; }
+table {margin: 0.5em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px solid gray; }
-th {background-color: white; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; border-color: black; padding: 0 3px; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;}
+table caption {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold;}
-td {background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 0 3px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.3em;}
+table th {background-color: white; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; border-color: gray; padding: 0 3px; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;}
 table td {background-color: white; border: 1px solid gray; padding: 0 3px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.3em;}
 table.lst td:first-child {font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace; white-space: nowrap;}
 table.lst2 td {font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace; white-space: nowrap;}
 table.lst3 td {font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", monospace; white-space: nowrap;}
-table caption {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold;}
+tr.lst3 td {border-width: 2px 1px 1px; }
-tr.lst3 td { border-width: 2px 1px 1px; }
+table.lst4 td {padding: 0.3em;}
 table.lst4 td:nth-child(2) {width: 45%;}
 table.lst4 td:nth-child(3) {width: 45%;}
 p.foot {clear: both; text-indent: 0; margin: 1em 0.5em 1em;}
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/appnote.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs Module Application Note</title>
 </head>
@@ -41,8 +39,13 @@ The FatFs module is a middleware written in ANSI C (C89). There is no platform d
 <ul>
 <li>Size of <tt>char</tt> must be 8-bit.</li>
 <li>Size of <tt>int</tt>, as well as integer promotion, must be 16-bit or 32-bit.</li>
-<li>When the C standard is in C89, size of <tt>short</tt> and <tt>long</tt> must be 16-bit and 32-bit respectively.</li>
+<li>Size of <tt>short</tt> and <tt>long</tt> must be 16-bit and 32-bit respectively. (in C89 only)</li>
-<li>When it is in C99 or later, <tt>stdint.h</tt> is used to obtain the integer sizes.</li>
+</ul>
 <li>Dependency<br>
 <ul>
 <li>C89: <tt>string.h</tt>.</li>
 <li>C99: <tt>string.h</tt> and <tt>stdint.h</tt>.</li>
 <li>Optional: <tt>stdarg.h</tt> and <tt>math.h</tt>.</li>
 </ul>
 </ul>
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ The FatFs module is a middleware written in ANSI C (C89). There is no platform d
 <tr><td>disk_ioctl (GET_SECTOR_SIZE)</td><td><a href="config.html#max_ss">FF_MAX_SS != FF_MIN_SS</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>disk_ioctl (CTRL_TRIM)</td><td><a href="config.html#use_trim">FF_USE_TRIM == 1</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>ff_uni2oem<br>ff_oem2uni<br>ff_wtoupper</td><td><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN != 0</a></td><td>Unicode support functions.<br>Add optional module ffunicode.c to the project.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>ff_cre_syncobj<br>ff_del_syncobj<br>ff_req_grant<br>ff_rel_grant</td><td><a href="config.html#fs_reentrant">FF_FS_REENTRANT == 1</a></td><td rowspan="2">O/S dependent functions.<br>Sample code is available in ffsystem.c.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ff_mutex_create<br>ff_mutex_delete<br>ff_mutex_take<br>ff_mutex_give</td><td><a href="config.html#fs_reentrant">FF_FS_REENTRANT == 1</a></td><td rowspan="2">O/S dependent functions.<br>Sample code is available in ffsystem.c.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>ff_mem_alloc<br>ff_mem_free</td><td>FF_USE_LFN == 3</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>FatFs cares about neither what kind of storage device is used nor how it is implemented. Only a requirement is that it is a block device read/written in fixed-size blocks that accessible via the disk I/O functions defined above.</p>
@@ -103,19 +106,19 @@ The FatFs module is a middleware written in ANSI C (C89). There is no platform d
 <tr><th></th><th>ARM7<small><br>32bit</small></th><th>ARM7<small><br>Thumb</small></th><th>CM3<small><br>Thumb-2</small></th><th>AVR</th><th>H8/300H</th><th>PIC24</th><th>RL78</th><th>V850ES</th><th>SH-2A</th><th>RX600</th><th>IA-32</th></tr>
 <tr class="cal">     <td>Compiler</td><td>GCC</td><td>GCC</td><td>GCC</td><td>GCC</td><td>CH38</td><td>C30</td><td>CC78K0R</td><td>CA850</td><td>SHC</td><td>RXC</td><td>MSC</td></tr>
 <!--                                                      ARM        Thumb          CM3           AVR            H8          PIC24          RL78       V850ES        SH-2A        RX600        IA-32   -->
-<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Full, R/W)</td><td>10.4k</td><td>6.7k</td><td>6.1k</td><td>12.5k</td><td>11.0k</td><td>11.6k</td><td>13.0k</td><td>8.9k</td><td>9.2k</td><td>6.5k</td><td>8.9k</td></tr>
+<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Def, R/W)</td><td>10.4k</td><td>6.7k</td><td>6.1k</td><td>12.5k</td><td>11.0k</td><td>11.4k</td><td>13.0k</td><td>8.9k</td><td>9.2k</td><td>6.5k</td><td>8.9k</td></tr>
-<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Min, R/W)</td>  <td>7.0k</td><td>4.7k</td><td>4.2k</td> <td>8.5k</td> <td>7.6k</td> <td>8.1k</td> <td>9.5k</td><td>6.2k</td><td>6.4k</td><td>4.6k</td><td>6.4k</td></tr>
+<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Min, R/W)</td> <td>7.0k</td><td>4.7k</td><td>4.2k</td> <td>8.5k</td> <td>7.6k</td> <td>7.9k</td> <td>9.5k</td><td>6.3k</td><td>6.4k</td><td>4.7k</td><td>6.4k</td></tr>
-<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Full, R/O)</td> <td>4.9k</td><td>3.2k</td><td>2.7k</td> <td>6.1k</td> <td>5.2k</td> <td>5.5k</td> <td>6.5k</td><td>4.3k</td><td>4.2k</td><td>3.2k</td><td>4.3k</td></tr>
+<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Def, R/O)</td> <td>4.9k</td><td>3.2k</td><td>2.7k</td> <td>6.1k</td> <td>5.2k</td> <td>5.4k</td> <td>6.5k</td><td>4.3k</td><td>4.2k</td><td>3.2k</td><td>4.3k</td></tr>
-<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Min, R/O)</td>  <td>3.7k</td><td>2.5k</td><td>2.1k</td> <td>4.4k</td> <td>4.0k</td> <td>4.3k</td> <td>5.1k</td><td>3.4k</td><td>3.3k</td><td>2.5k</td><td>3.5k</td></tr>
+<tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.text (Min, R/O)</td> <td>3.7k</td><td>2.5k</td><td>2.1k</td> <td>4.4k</td> <td>4.0k</td> <td>4.2k</td> <td>5.1k</td><td>3.4k</td><td>3.3k</td><td>2.5k</td><td>3.5k</td></tr>
 <tr class="ral"><td class="cal">.bss</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*2 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*2 + 2</td><td>V*2 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td><td>V*4 + 2</td></tr>
 <tr class="ral"><td class="cal">Work area<br><small>(FF_FS_TINY == 0)</small></td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*546</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*546</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*546</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*546</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*552</td></tr>
 <tr class="ral"><td class="cal">Work area<br><small>(FF_FS_TINY == 1)</small></td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*34</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*34</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*34</td><td>V*560<br>+ F*34</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td><td>V*564<br>+ F*40</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>These are the memory usage of FatFs module without lower layer on some target systems in following condition. <em>V</em> denotes number of mounted volumes and <em>F</em> denotes number of open files. Every samples here are optimezed in code size.</p>
 <pre>
-FatFs R0.14b options:
+FatFs R0.15 options:
-FF_FS_READONLY   0 (Read/Write) or 1 (Read only)
+FF_FS_READONLY   0 (R/W, read/write) or 1 (R/O, read only)
-FF_FS_MINIMIZE   0 (Full, with all basic functions) or 3 (Min, with fully minimized)
+FF_FS_MINIMIZE   0 (Def, with all basic functions) or 3 (Min, with fully minimized)
 FF_FS_TINY       0 (Default) or 1 (Tiny file object)
 And any other options are left unchanged from original setting.
 </pre>
@@ -166,8 +169,8 @@ And any other options are left unchanged from original setting.
 <div class="para doc" id="lfn">
 <h3>Long File Name</h3>
-<p>FatFs module supports the long file name (LFN) extension of the FAT filesystem. The two different file names, short file name (SFN) and LFN, of a file is transparent on the API. The support for LFN feature is disabled by default. To enable the LFN, set <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a></tt> to 1, 2 or 3, and add <tt>ffunicode.c</tt> to the project. The LFN feature requiers a certain working buffer. The buffer size can be configured by <tt><a href="config.html#max_lfn">FF_MAX_LFN</a></tt> according to the available memory. The length of LFN can be up to 255 characters, so that the <tt>FF_MAX_LFN</tt> should be set to 255 for any existing file names. If the size of working buffer is insufficient for the input file name, the file function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_NAME</tt>. When use any re-entry to the API with LFN feature in RTOS environment, <tt>FF_USE_LFN</tt> must be set to 2 or 3. In this case, the file function allocates the working buffer on the stack or heap. The LFN working buffer occupies <tt>(FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2</tt> bytes and additional <tt>(FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32</tt> bytes when exFAT is enabled.</p>
+<p>FatFs module supports the long file name (LFN) extension of the FAT filesystem. The two different file names, short file name (SFN) and LFN, of a file are transparent on the API. The support for LFN feature is disabled by default. To enable the LFN, set <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a></tt> to 1, 2 or 3, and add <tt>ffunicode.c</tt> to the project. The LFN feature requiers a certain working buffer. The buffer size can be configured by <tt><a href="config.html#max_lfn">FF_MAX_LFN</a></tt> according to the available memory. The LFN specification allows the length of LFN up to 255 characters, so that the <tt>FF_MAX_LFN</tt> should be set to 255 for every existing file name. If the size of working buffer is insufficient for the input file name, the file function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_NAME</tt>. When use any re-entry to the file API with LFN feature in RTOS environment, <tt>FF_USE_LFN</tt> must be set to 2 or 3. In this case, the file function allocates the working buffer on the stack or heap. The LFN working buffer occupies <tt>(FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2</tt> bytes and additional <tt>(FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32</tt> bytes when exFAT is enabled.</p>
-<h4>Impact upon Module Size</h4>
+<h4>Code Page and Module Size</h4>
 <table class="lst2 rset">
 <caption>With LFN at CM3 + gcc</caption>
 <tr><th><tt>FF_CODE_PAGE</tt></th><th>Code size</th></tr>
@@ -179,8 +182,8 @@ And any other options are left unchanged from original setting.
 <tr><td>0 (All code pages)</td><td>+486k</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>When the LFN is enabled, the module size will be increased depends on the configured code page. Right table shows the increment of code size in some code pages. Especially, in the CJK region, tens of thousands of characters are being used. Unfortunately, it requires a huge OEM-Unicode bidirectional conversion table and the module size will be drastically increased as shown in the table.</p>
-<p>As the result, the FatFs with LFN enabled with DBCS code pages will not able to be ported on the most 8-bit MCU systems. If the target system is in legacy-free, in only Unicode and any ANSI/OEM code is not used at all, the code page setting gets meaningless. You will able to reduce the code size by configureing FatFs for Unicode API with any SBCS code page.</p>
+<p>As the result, the FatFs with LFN enabled with DBCS code pages will not able to be ported on the most 8-bit MCU systems. If the target system is in legacy-free, in only Unicode and any ANSI/OEM code is not used at all, the code page setting is meaningless. You will able to reduce the code size by configureing FatFs for Unicode API with some SBCS code page.</p>
-<p>There ware some restrictions on using LFN for open source project, because the LFN extension on the FAT filesystem was a patent of Microsoft Corporation. However the related patents all have expired and using the LFN feature is free for any projects.</p>
+<p>There ware some restrictions on using the LFN in open source project, because the LFN extension on the FAT filesystem was a patent of Microsoft Corporation. However the related patents all have expired and using the LFN feature is free for any project.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para doc" id="unicode">
@@ -204,9 +207,9 @@ And any other options are left unchanged from original setting.
 <div class="para doc" id="reentrant">
 <h3>Re-entrancy</h3>
-<p>The file operations of two tasks to the <em>different volumes</em> each other is always re-entrant regardless of the configurations except when LFN is enabled with static working buffer (<tt>FF_USE_LFN = 1</tt>). It can work concurrently without any mutual exclusion.</p>
+<p>The file operations of two tasks to the <em>different volumes</em> each other is always re-entrant and it can work concurrently without any mutual exclusion regardless of the configurations except when LFN is enabled with static working buffer (<tt>FF_USE_LFN = 1</tt>).</p>
-<p>The file operations of two tasks to the <em>same volume</em> is not re-entrant in default. FatFs can also be configured to make it thread-safe by option <tt><a href="config.html#fs_reentrant">FF_FS_REENTRANT</a></tt>. In this case, also the OS dependent synchronization control functions, <tt>ff_cre_syncobj/ff_del_syncobj/ff_req_grant/ff_rel_grant</tt>, need to be added to the project. There are some examples in the <tt>ffsystem.c</tt>. When a file function is called while the volume is being accessed by another task, the file function to the volume will be suspended until that task leaves the file function. If the wait time exceeded a period defined by <tt>FF_TIMEOUT</tt>, the file function will abort with <tt>FR_TIMEOUT</tt>. The timeout feature might not be supported on the some RTOSs.</p>
+<p>The file operations of two tasks to the <em>same volume</em> is not thread-safe by default. FatFs can also be configured to make it thread-safe by an option <tt><a href="config.html#fs_reentrant">FF_FS_REENTRANT</a></tt>. When a file function is called while the volume is being accessed by another task, the file function to the volume will be suspended until that task leaves the file function. If the wait time exceeded a period defined by <tt>FF_TIMEOUT</tt>, the file function will abort with <tt>FR_TIMEOUT</tt>. The timeout feature might not be supported on the some OSs. To enable this feature, OS dependent synchronization control functions, <tt>ff_mutex_create/ff_mutex_delete/ff_mutex_take/ff_mutex_give</tt>, need to be added to the project. There is an example code in the <tt>ffsystem.c</tt> for some OSs.</p>
-<p>There is an exception on the re-entrancy for <tt>f_mount/f_mkfs</tt> function. These volume management functions are not re-entrant to the same volume. When use these functions, other tasks need to avoid to access the volume.</p>
+<p>Note that there is an exception on the re-entrancy for <tt>f_mount</tt> and <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function. You will know why it is. These volume management functions are always not thread-safe to the volume being processed. When use these functions, other tasks need to avoid to access the corresponding volume.</p>
 <div class="rset">
 <table class="lst2">
 <tr><th><tt>Function</tt></th><th>Case 1</th><th>Case 2</th><th>Case 3</th></tr>
@@ -261,7 +264,7 @@ Figure 6. Comparison between Multiple/Single Sector Write<br>
 <p>The write throughput of the flash memory media becomes the worst at single sector write transaction. The write throughput increases as the number of sectors per a write transaction as shown in Figure 6. This effect more appers at faster interface speed and the performance ratio often becomes grater than ten. <a href="../res/rwtest2.png">This result</a> is clearly explaining how fast is multiple block write (W:16K, 32 sectors) than single block write (W:100, 1 sector), and also larger card tends to be slow at single block write. Number of write transactions also affects life time of the flash memory media. When compared at same amount of write data, the single sector write in Figure 6 above wears flash memory media 16 times more than multiple sector write in Figure 6 below. Single sector write is pretty pain for the flash memory media.</p>
 <p>Therefore the application program should write the data in large block as possible. The ideal write chunk size and alighment is size of sector, and size of cluster is the best. Of course all layers between the application and the storage device must have consideration on multiple sector write, however most of open-source memory card drivers lack it. Do not split a multiple sector write request into single sector write transactions or the write throughput gets poor. Note that FatFs module and its sample disk drivers supprt multiple sector read/write operation. </p>
 <h4>Forcing Memory Erase</h4>
-<p>When remove a file with <tt>f_unlink</tt> function, the data clusters occupied by the file are marked 'free' on the FAT. But the data sectors containing the file data are not that applied any process, so that the file data left occupies a part of the flash memory array as 'live block'. If the file data can be erased on removing the file, those data blocks will be turned into the free block pool. This may skip internal block erase operation to the data block on next write operation. As the result the write performance might be improved. FatFs can manage this function by setting <tt><a href="config.html#use_trim">FF_USE_TRIM</a></tt> to 1. Note that this is an expectation of internal process of the storage device and not that always effective. Most applications will not need this function. Also <tt>f_unlink</tt> function can take a time when remove a large file.</p>
+<p>When remove a file with <tt>f_unlink</tt> function, the data clusters occupied by the file are marked 'free' on the FAT. But the data sectors containing the file data are not that applied any process, so that the file data left occupies a part of the flash memory array as 'live block'. If the file data can be erased on removing the file, those data blocks will be turned into the free block pool. This may skip internal block erase operation to the data block on next write operation. As the result the write performance might be improved. FatFs can manage this function by setting <tt><a href="config.html#use_trim">FF_USE_TRIM</a></tt> to 1. Note that because this effect is from an expectation of internal process of the storage device, it is not that always effective. Most applications will not need this function. Also <tt>f_unlink</tt> function can take a time when remove a large file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para doc" id="critical">
@@ -326,9 +329,10 @@ Figure 5. Minimized critical section<br>
 / by use of this software.
 /----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 </pre>
-<p>Therefore FatFs license is one of the BSD-style licenses but there is a significant feature. FatFs is mainly intended for embedded systems. In order to extend the usability for commercial products, the redistributions of FatFs in binary form, such as embedded code, binary library and any forms without source code, does not need to include about FatFs in the documentations. This is equivalent to the 1-clause BSD license. Of course FatFs is compatible with the most of open source software licenses includs GNU GPL. When you redistribute the FatFs source code with any changes or create a fork, the license can also be changed to GNU GPL, BSD-style license or any open source software license that compatible with FatFs license.</p>
+<p>Therefore FatFs license is one of the BSD-style licenses but there is a significant feature. FatFs is mainly intended for embedded systems. In order to extend the usability for commercial products, the redistributions of FatFs in binary form, such as embedded code, binary library and any forms without source code, does not need to include about FatFs in the documentations. This is equivalent to the 1-clause BSD license. Of course FatFs is compatible with the most of open source software licenses includes GNU GPL. When you redistribute the FatFs source code with any changes or create a fork, the license can also be changed to GNU GPL, BSD-style license or any open source software license that compatible with FatFs license.</p>
 </div>
-<p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return Home</a></p>
+
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/chdir.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_chdir</title>
 </head>
@@ -83,6 +81,7 @@ FRESULT f_chdir (
 <p><tt><a href="chdrive.html">f_chdrive</a>, <a href="getcwd.html">f_getcwd</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/chdrive.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_chdrive</title>
 </head>
@@ -65,6 +63,7 @@ FRESULT f_chdrive (
 <p><tt><a href="chdir.html">f_chdir</a>, <a href="getcwd.html">f_getcwd</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/chmod.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_chmod</title>
 </head>
@@ -84,6 +82,7 @@ FRESULT f_chmod (
 </pre>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/close.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_close</title>
 </head>
@@ -60,6 +58,7 @@ FRESULT f_close (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="read.html">f_read</a>, <a href="write.html">f_write</a>,  <a href="sync.html">f_sync</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a>, <a href="sfatfs.html">FATFS</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/close.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_closedir</title>
 </head>
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ FRESULT f_closedir (
 <p><tt><a href="opendir.html">f_opendir</a>, <a href="readdir.html">f_readdir</a>, <a href="sdir.html">DIR</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/config.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - Configuration Options</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>Configuration Options</h1>
-<p>There are many options to configure the functions of FatFs for requirement of each project. The configuration options are defined in the <em><tt>ffconf.h</tt></em>.</p>
+<p>There are many options to configure the features of FatFs for various requirements of each project. The configuration options are defined in <em><tt>ffconf.h</tt></em>.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>Function Configurations
 <ul>
@@ -105,29 +103,29 @@
 <p>Disable (0) or Enable (1) <tt>f_forward</tt> function.</p>
 <h4 id="use_strfunc">FF_USE_STRFUNC</h4>
-<p>This option switches string functions, <tt>f_gets</tt>, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt> and <tt>f_printf</tt>. These functions are equivalents of regular string stream I/O functions in POSIX. If <tt>sprintf</tt> is available and code conversion is not needed, <tt>f_write</tt> with <tt>sprintf</tt> will be efficient in code size and performance rather than <tt>f_printf</tt>.</p>
+<p>This option switches string I/O functions, <tt>f_gets</tt>, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt> and <tt>f_printf</tt>. These functions are the equivalents of regular string stream I/O functions in POSIX. If <tt>sprintf</tt> is available and code conversion is not needed, <tt>f_write</tt> with <tt>sprintf</tt> will be efficient in code size and performance better than <tt>f_printf</tt>. When enable this feature, <tt>stdarg.h</tt> is included in <tt>ff.c</tt>.</p>
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
 <tr><td>0</td><td>Disable string functions.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>1</td><td>Enable string functions without LF-CRLF conversion.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>1</td><td>Enable string functions without LF - CRLF conversion.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>2</td><td>Enable string functions with LF-CRLF conversion.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>2</td><td>Enable string functions with LF - CRLF conversion.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <h4 id="print_lli">FF_PRINT_LLI</h4>
 <p>This option switches support for long long integer argument in <tt>f_printf</tt>.</p>
-<p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). C standard needs to be C99 or later to enable this feature.</p>
+<p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). When enable this feature, C standard needs to be C99 or later. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_USE_STRFUNC == 0</tt>.</p>
 <h4 id="print_fp">FF_PRINT_FLOAT</h4>
-<p>This option switches support for floating point argument in <tt>f_printf</tt>. C standard needs to be C99 or later to enable this feature.</p>
+<p>This option switches support for floating point argument in <tt>f_printf</tt>. When enable this feature, C standard needs to be C99 or later and <tt>math.h</tt> is included in <tt>ff.c</tt>. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_USE_STRFUNC == 0</tt>.</p>
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
 <tr><td>0</td><td>Disable floating point argument.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>1</td><td>Enable floating point argument in type <tt>'f'</tt>, <tt>'e'</tt> and <tt>'E'</tt>.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>2</td><td>Enable with decimal separator <tt>','</tt> instead of <tt>'.'</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>2</td><td>Same as 1 but with decimal separator <tt>','</tt> instead of <tt>'.'</tt> in output string.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <h4 id="strf_encode">FF_STRF_ENCODE</h4>
-<p>When character encoding on the API is Unicode (<tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE &gt;= 1</tt>), string I/O functions enabled by <tt>FF_USE_STRFUNC</tt> convert the character encoding in it. This option defines the assumption of character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be read/written via those functions. When LFN is not enabled or <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE == 0</tt>, the string functions work without any code conversion and this option has no effect.</p>
+<p>When the character encoding on the API is Unicode (<tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE &gt;= 1</tt>), string I/O functions enabled by <tt>FF_USE_STRFUNC</tt> convert the character encoding in it. This option defines the assumption of character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be read/written via the string I/O functions. When LFN is not enabled or <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE == 0</tt>, the string I/O functions work without any code conversion and this option has no effect.</p>
 <table class="lst2">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Character encoding on the file</th></tr>
 <tr><td>0</td><td>ANSI/OEM in current code page</td></tr>
@@ -210,8 +208,8 @@
 <p>This option configures relative path function. For more information, read <a href="filename.html#nam">here</a>.</p>
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
-<tr><td>0</td><td>Disable relative path function and remove related functions.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>0</td><td>Disable relative path and remove related functions.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>1</td><td>Enable relative path function. <tt>f_chdir</tt> and <tt>f_chdrive</tt> function is available.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>1</td><td>Enable relative path. <tt>f_chdir</tt> and <tt>f_chdrive</tt> function is available.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>2</td><td><tt>f_getcwd</tt> function is available in addition to 1</td></tr>
 </table>
@@ -228,9 +226,9 @@
 <p>This option switches the support for string volume ID. When arbitrary string for the volume ID is enabled for the drive prefix, also pre-defined strings by <tt>FF_VOLUME_STRS</tt> or user defined strings can be used as drive prefix in the path name. Numeric drive number is always valid regardless of this option, and also either format of drive prefix can be enabled by this option.</p>
 <table class="lst2">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th><th>Example</th></tr>
-<tr><td>0</td><td>Only DOS/Windows style drive prefix in numeric ID can be used.</td><td>1:/filename</td></tr>
+<tr><td>0</td><td>DOS/Windows style drive prefix in numeric ID.</td><td>1:/filename</td></tr>
-<tr><td>1</td><td>Also DOS/Windows style drive prefix in string ID can be used.</td><td>flash:/filename</td></tr>
+<tr><td>1</td><td>0 + DOS/Windows style drive prefix in arbitry string ID.</td><td>flash:/filename</td></tr>
-<tr><td>2</td><td>Also Unix style drive prefix in string ID can be used.</td><td>/flash/filename</td></tr>
+<tr><td>2</td><td>0 + Unix style drive prefix in arbitry string ID.</td><td>/flash/filename</td></tr>
 </table>
 <h4 id="volume_strs">FF_VOLUME_STRS</h4>
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb"};
 </pre>
 <h4 id="multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION</h4>
-<p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). This option switches multi-partition function. By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive number and only a volume in the physical drive is mounted. When enabled, each logical drive is bound to the partition on the physical drive listed in the user defined partition resolution table <tt>VolToPart[]</tt>. Also <tt>f_fdisk</tt> funciton will be available. For more information, read <a href="filename.html#vol">here</a>.</p>
+<p>This option switches multi-partition featuer. By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive number and only one volume found in the physical drive is mounted. When it is enabled (1), each logical drive is bound to the specific partition listed in the user defined partition resolution table <tt>VolToPart[]</tt>. Also <tt>f_fdisk</tt> funciton is available to create the arbitrary partitions on the physical drive. For more information, read <a href="filename.html#vol">here</a>.</p>
 <h4 id="max_ss">FF_MIN_SS, FF_MAX_SS</h4>
 <p>This set of options defines the extent of sector size used for the low level disk I/O interface, <tt>disk_read</tt> and <tt>disk_write</tt> function. Valid values are 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096. <tt>FF_MIN_SS</tt> defines minimum sector size and <tt>FF_MAX_SS</tt> defines the maximum sector size. Always set both 512 for memory card and harddisk. But a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some type of optical media. When <tt>FF_MAX_SS &gt; FF_MIN_SS</tt>, support of variable sector size is enabled and <tt>GET_SECTOR_SIZE</tt> command needs to be implemented to the <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function.</p>
@@ -250,7 +248,7 @@ const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb"};
 <p>This option switches media access interface to 64-bit LBA and enables GUID Partition Table (GPT) for partition management, Enabled (1) or Disabled (0). exFAT filesystem needs to be enabled to enable this feature.</p>
 <h4 id="fs_gptmin">FF_MIN_GPT</h4>
-<p>This option specifies the threshold of determination of partitioning format when create patitions on the drive in <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function. When number of sectors on the drive is equal or larger than this value, the drive will be partitioned in GPT. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_LBA64 == 0</tt>.</p>
+<p>This option specifies the threshold of determination of partitioning format when create patitions on the drive in <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function. When number of available sectors is equal or larger than this value, the drive will be partitioned in GPT. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_LBA64 == 0</tt>.</p>
 <h4 id="use_trim">FF_USE_TRIM</h4>
 <p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). This option switches ATA-TRIM function. To enable Trim function, also <tt>CTRL_TRIM</tt> command should be implemented to the <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function.</p>
@@ -268,13 +266,13 @@ const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb"};
 <p>This option switches support for exFAT filesystem in addition to the FAT/FAT32 filesystem, Enabled (1) or Disabled (0). To enable exFAT, also LFN must be enabled and configureing <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE &gt;= 1</tt> and <tt>FF_MAX_LFN == 255</tt> is recommended for full-featured exFAT function. Note that enabling exFAT discards ANSI C (C89) compatibility and wants C99 because of need for 64-bit integer type.</p>
 <h4 id="fs_nortc">FF_FS_NORTC</h4>
-<p>Use RTC (0) or Do not use RTC (1). This option controls timestamp function. If the system does not have any RTC function or valid timestamp is not needed, set <tt>FF_FS_NORTC</tt> to 1 to disable the timestamp function. Every objects modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp defined by <tt>FF_NORTC_MON</tt>, <tt>FF_NORTC_MDAY</tt> and <tt>FF_NORTC_YEAR</tt>. To use the timestamp function, set <tt>FF_FS_NORTC == 0</tt> and add <tt>get_fattime</tt> function to the project to get current time form the RTC. This option has no effect in read-only configuration.</p>
+<p>Use RTC (0) or Do not use RTC (1). This option controls timestamp featuer. If the system does not have an RTC or valid timestamp is not needed, set <tt>FF_FS_NORTC</tt> to 1 to disable the timestamp function. Every objects modified by FatFs will have a constant timestamp defined by <tt>FF_NORTC_MON</tt>, <tt>FF_NORTC_MDAY</tt> and <tt>FF_NORTC_YEAR</tt>. To use the timestamp featuer, set <tt>FF_FS_NORTC == 0</tt> and add <tt>get_fattime</tt> function to the project to get current time form the RTC. This option has no effect in read-only configuration.</p>
 <h4 id="nortc_time">FF_NORTC_MON, FF_NORTC_MDAY, FF_NORTC_YEAR</h4>
 <p>This set of options defines the time to be used in no RTC systems. This option has no effect in read-only configuration or <tt>FF_FS_NORTC == 0</tt>.</p>
 <h4 id="fs_nofsinfo">FF_FS_NOFSINFO</h4>
-<p>0 to 3. If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this option, and <tt>f_getfree</tt> function at first time after volume mount will force a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number for new allocation.</p>
+<p>0 to 3. If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this option, and <tt>f_getfree</tt> function at first time after the volume mounted will force a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number for new allocation.</p>
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
 <tr><td>bit0=0</td><td>Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.</td></tr>
@@ -284,24 +282,22 @@ const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb"};
 </table>
 <h4 id="fs_lock">FF_FS_LOCK</h4>
-<p>This option switches file lock function to control duplicated file open and illegal operations to open objects. Note that the file lock function is independent of re-entrancy. This option must be 0 in read-only configuration.</p>
+<p>This option switches file lock feature to control duplicated file open and illegal operations to the open objects. Note that this feature is independent of re-entrancy. This option must be 0 in read-only configuration.</p>
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
-<tr><td>0</td><td>Disable file lock function. To avoid collapsing file by wrong file operation, application program needs to avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>0</td><td>Disable file lock feature. To avoid to collapse files due to wrong file operations, application program needs to avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>&gt;0</td><td>Enable file lock function. The value defines how many files/sub-directories can be opened simultaneously under the file lock control. Illigal operations to the open object will be rejected with <tt>FR_LOCKED</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&gt;0</td><td>Enable file lock feature. The value defines how many files/sub-directories can be opened simultaneously under the file lock feature. Illigal operations to the open object will be rejected with <tt>FR_LOCKED</tt>.</td></tr>
 </table>
 <h4 id="fs_reentrant">FF_FS_REENTRANT</h4>
-<p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). This option switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs module itself. Note that file/directory access to the different volume is always re-entrant and it can work simultaneously regardless of this option, however, volume management functions, <tt>f_mount</tt>, <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt>, are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access to the same volume, in other words, exclusive use of each filesystem object, is under control of this function. To enable this feature, also user provided synchronization handlers, <tt>ff_req_grant</tt>, <tt>ff_rel_grant</tt>, <tt>ff_del_syncobj</tt> and <tt>ff_cre_syncobj</tt>, need to be added to the project. Sample code is available in <tt>ffsystem.c</tt>.</p>
+<p>Disable (0) or Enable (1). This option switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs module itself. Note that file/directory access to the different volume is always re-entrant and it can work simultaneously regardless of this option, however, volume management functions, <tt>f_mount</tt>, <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt>, are <em>always not re-entrant</em>. Only file/directory access to the same volume, in other words, exclusive use of each filesystem object, is under control in this feature. To enable this feature, also user provided synchronization handlers, <tt>ff_mutex_take</tt>, <tt>ff_mutex_give</tt>, <tt>ff_mutex_create</tt> and <tt>ff_mutex_delete</tt>, need to be added to the project. Sample code is available in <tt>ffsystem.c</tt>.</p>
 <h4 id="fs_timeout">FF_FS_TIMEOUT</h4>
-<p>Number of time ticks to abort the file function with <tt>FR_TIMEOUT</tt> when wait time is too long. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT == 0</tt>.</p>
+<p>Number of O/S time ticks to abort the file function with <tt>FR_TIMEOUT</tt> when the wait time exceeds this period. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT == 0</tt>.</p>
 <h4 id="sync_t">FF_SYNC_t</h4>
 <p>This option defines O/S dependent sync object type. e.g. <tt>HANDLE</tt>, <tt>ID</tt>, <tt>OS_EVENT*</tt>, <tt>SemaphoreHandle_t</tt> and etc. A header file for O/S definitions needs to be included somewhere in the scope of <tt>ff.c</tt>. This option has no effect when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT == 0</tt>.</p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/dinit.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - disk_initialize</title>
 </head>
@@ -38,9 +36,10 @@ DSTATUS disk_initialize (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
 <p>This function initializes the storage device and put it ready to generic read/write. When the function succeeded, <tt>STA_NOINIT</tt> flag in the return value is cleared.</p>
-<p><em>Remarks: This function needs to be under control of FatFs module. Application program MUST NOT call this function, or FAT structure on the volume can be broken. To re-initialize the filesystem, use <tt>f_mount</tt> function instead.</em></p>
+<p><em>Remarks: This function needs to be under control of FatFs module. Application program MUST NOT call this function while FatFs is in use, or FAT structure on the volume can be broken. To re-initialize the filesystem, use <tt>f_mount</tt> function instead.</em></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/dioctl.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - disk_ioctl</title>
 </head>
@@ -57,14 +55,14 @@ DRESULT disk_ioctl (
 <table class="lst">
 <caption>Standard ioctl command used by FatFs</caption>
 <tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr>
-<tr><td>CTRL_SYNC</td><td>Makes sure that the device has finished pending write process. If the disk I/O layer or storage device has a write-back cache, the dirty cache data must be committed to media immediately. Nothing to do for this command if each write operation to the media is completed within the <tt>disk_write</tt> function.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CTRL_SYNC</td><td>Makes sure that the device has finished pending write process. If the disk I/O layer or storage device has a write-back cache, the dirty cache data must be committed to the medium immediately. Nothing to do for this command if each write operation to the medium is completed in the <tt>disk_write</tt> function.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>GET_SECTOR_COUNT</td><td>Retrieves number of available sectors, the largest allowable LBA + 1, on the drive into the <tt>LBA_t</tt> variable pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. This command is used by <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function to determine the size of volume/partition to be created. It is required when <tt>FF_USE_MKFS == 1</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>GET_SECTOR_COUNT</td><td>Retrieves number of available sectors (the largest allowable LBA + 1) on the drive into the <tt>LBA_t</tt> variable that pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. This command is used by <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function to determine the size of volume/partition to be created.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>GET_SECTOR_SIZE</td><td>Retrieves sector size, minimum data unit for generic read/write, into the <tt>WORD</tt> variable pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. Valid sector sizes are 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096. This command is required only if <tt>FF_MAX_SS &gt; FF_MIN_SS</tt>. When <tt>FF_MAX_SS == FF_MIN_SS</tt>, this command will be never used and the read/write function must work in <tt>FF_MAX_SS</tt> bytes/sector.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>GET_SECTOR_SIZE</td><td>Retrieves sector size (minimum data unit for generic read/write) into the <tt>WORD</tt> variable that pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. Valid sector sizes are 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096. This command is required only if <tt>FF_MAX_SS &gt; FF_MIN_SS</tt>. When <tt>FF_MAX_SS == FF_MIN_SS</tt>, this command will never be used and the <tt>disk_read</tt> and <tt>disk_write</tt> function must work in <tt>FF_MAX_SS</tt> bytes/sector.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>GET_BLOCK_SIZE</td><td>Retrieves erase block size of the flash memory media in unit of sector into the <tt>DWORD</tt> variable pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. The allowable value is 1 to 32768 in power of 2. Return 1 if the erase block size is unknown or non flash memory media. This command is used by only <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function and it attempts to align data area on the erase block boundary. It is required when <tt>FF_USE_MKFS == 1</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>GET_BLOCK_SIZE</td><td>Retrieves <em>erase block size in unit of sector</em> of the flash memory media into the <tt>DWORD</tt> variable that pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. The allowable value is 1 to 32768 in power of 2. Return 1 if it is unknown or in non flash memory media. This command is used by <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function with block size not specified and it attempts to align the data area on the suggested block boundary. Note that FatFs does not have FTL (flash translation layer), so that either disk I/O layter or storage device must have an FTL in it.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>CTRL_TRIM</td><td>Informs the device the data on the block of sectors is no longer needed and it can be erased. The sector block is specified in an <tt>LBA_t</tt> array {&lt;Start LBA&gt;, &lt;End LBA&gt;} pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. This is an identical command to Trim of ATA device. Nothing to do for this command if this funcion is not supported or not a flash memory device. FatFs does not check the result code and the file function is not affected even if the sector block was not erased well. This command is called on remove a cluster chain and in the <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function. It is required when <tt>FF_USE_TRIM == 1</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CTRL_TRIM</td><td>Informs the disk I/O layter or the storage device that the data on the block of sectors is no longer needed and it can be erased. The sector block is specified in an <tt>LBA_t</tt> array <tt>{&lt;Start LBA&gt;, &lt;End LBA&gt;}</tt> that pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. This is an identical command to Trim of ATA device. Nothing to do for this command if this funcion is not supported or not a flash memory device. FatFs does not check the result code and the file function is not affected even if the sector block was not erased well. This command is called on remove a cluster chain and in the <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function. It is required when <tt>FF_USE_TRIM == 1</tt>.</td></tr>
 </table>
-<p>FatFs never uses any device dependent command nor user defined command. Following table shows an example of non-standard commands which may be useful for some applications.</p>
+<p>FatFs will never use any device dependent command nor user defined command. Following table shows an example of non-standard commands which may be useful for some applications.</p>
 <table class="lst">
 <caption>Example of optional ioctl command</caption>
 <tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr>
@@ -73,9 +71,9 @@ DRESULT disk_ioctl (
 <tr><td>CTRL_POWER_OFF</td><td>Puts the device off state. Shut-down the power to the device and deinitialize the device interface if needed. <tt>STA_NOINIT</tt> in the current status flags must be set. The device goes active state by <tt>disk_initialize</tt> function.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>CTRL_LOCK</td><td>Locks media eject mechanism.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>CTRL_UNLOCK</td><td>Unlocks media eject mechanism.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>CTRL_EJECT</td><td>Ejects media cartridge. <tt>STA_NOINIT</tt> and <tt>STA_NODISK</tt> in status flag are set after the function succeeded.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CTRL_EJECT</td><td>Ejects media cartridge. <tt>STA_NOINIT</tt> and <tt>STA_NODISK</tt> in status flag are set after the function succeeds.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>CTRL_GET_SMART</td><td>Reads SMART information.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>MMC_GET_TYPE</td><td>Gets card type. The type flags, bit0:MMCv3, bit1:SDv1, bit2:SDv2+ and bit3:LBA, is stored to a BYTE variable pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. (MMC/SDC specific command)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>MMC_GET_TYPE</td><td>Gets card type. The type flags, bit0:MMCv3, bit1:SDv1, bit2:SDv2+ and bit3:LBA, is stored to a <tt>BYTE</tt> variable pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. (MMC/SDC specific command)</td></tr>
 <tr><td>MMC_GET_CSD</td><td>Reads CSD register and sets it into a 16-byte buffer pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. (MMC/SDC specific command)</td></tr>
 <tr><td>MMC_GET_CID</td><td>Reads CID register and sets it into a 16-byte buffer pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. (MMC/SDC specific command)</td></tr>
 <tr><td>MMC_GET_OCR</td><td>Reads OCR register and sets it into a 4-byte buffer pointed by <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. (MMC/SDC specific command)</td></tr>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/dread.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - disk_read</title>
 </head>
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@
 <div class="para func">
 <h2>disk_read</h2>
-<p>The disk_read function is called to read data from the sector(s) of storage device.</p>
+<p>The disk_read function is called to read data from the storage device.</p>
 <pre>
 DRESULT disk_read (
  BYTE <span class="arg">pdrv</span>,     <span class="c">/* [IN] Physical drive number */</span>
@@ -56,14 +54,14 @@ DRESULT disk_read (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>Read/write operation to the generic storage devices, such as memory card, hadddisk and optical disk, is done in unit of block of data bytes called <em>sector</em>. FatFs supports the sector size in range of 512 to 4096 bytes. When FatFs is configured for fixed sector size (<tt>FF_MIN_SS == FF_MAX_SS</tt>, this is the most case), the generic read/write function must work at the sector size only. When FatFs is configured for variable sector size (<tt>FF_MIN_SS &lt; FF_MAX_SS</tt>), the sector size of medium is inquired with <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function after <tt>disk_initialize</tt> function succeeded.</p>
+<p>Read/write operation to the generic storage devices, such as memory card, hadddisk and optical disk, is done in unit of block of data bytes called <em>sector</em>. FatFs supports the sector size in range of 512 to 4096 bytes. When FatFs is configured for fixed sector size (<tt>FF_MIN_SS == FF_MAX_SS</tt>, this is the most case), the generic read/write function must work at this sector size only. When FatFs is configured for variable sector size (<tt>FF_MIN_SS &lt; FF_MAX_SS</tt>), the sector size of medium is inquired with <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function after <tt>disk_initialize</tt> function succeeds.</p>
 <p>There are some considerations about the memory addres passed via <tt class="arg">buff</tt>. It is not that always aligned with the word boundary, because the argument is defined as <tt>BYTE*</tt>. The unaligned transfer request can occure at <a href="appnote.html#fs1">direct transfer</a>. If the bus architecture, especially DMA controller, does not allow unaligned memory access, it should be solved in this function. If it is the case, there are some workarounds described below to avoid this issue.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>Convert word transfer to byte transfer with some trick in this function. - Recommended.</li>
 <li>On the <tt>f_read()</tt> calls, avoid long read request that includes a whole of sector. - Any direct transfer never occures.</li>
-<li>On the <tt>f_read(fp, dat, btw, bw)</tt> calls, make sure that <tt>(((UINT)dat &amp; 3) == (f_tell(fp) &amp; 3))</tt> is true. - Word alignment of <tt class="arg">buff</tt> is guaranteed.</li>
+<li>On the <tt>f_read(fp, data, btw, bw)</tt> calls, make sure that <tt>(((UINT)data &amp; 3) == (f_tell(fp) &amp; 3))</tt> is true. - Word alignment of <tt class="arg">buff</tt> is guaranteed.</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Also the memory area may be out of reach in DMA. This is the case if it is located on the tightly coupled memory which is usually used for stack. Use double buffered transfer, or avoid to define file I/O buffer, FATFS and FIL structure as local variables where on the stack.</p>
+<p>Also the memory area may be out of reach in DMA. This is the case if it is located on the tightly coupled memory which is usually used for stack. Use double buffered transfer, or avoid to define file I/O buffer, <tt>FATFS</tt> and <tt>FIL</tt> structure as local variables where on the stack.</p>
 <p>Generally, a multiple sector read request must not be split into single sector transactions to the storage device, or read throughput gets worse.</p>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/dstat.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - disk_status</title>
 </head>
@@ -43,6 +41,7 @@ DSTATUS disk_status (
 </dl>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/dwrite.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - disk_write</title>
 </head>
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@
 <div class="para func">
 <h2>disk_write</h2>
-<p>The disk_write function is called to write data to the sector(s) of storage device.</p>
+<p>The disk_write function is called to write data to the storage device.</p>
 <pre>
 DRESULT disk_write (
  BYTE <span class="arg">pdrv</span>,        <span class="c">/* [IN] Physical drive number */</span>
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ DRESULT disk_write (
 <h4>Description</h4>
 <p>The specified memory address is not that always aligned to word boundary because the argument is defined as <tt>BYTE*</tt>. For more information, refer to the description of <a href="dread.html"><tt>disk_read</tt></a> function.</p>
 <p>Generally, a multiple sector write request (<tt class="arg">count</tt><tt> &gt; 1</tt>) must not be split into single sector transactions to the storage device, or the file write throughput will be drastically decreased.</p>
-<p>FatFs expects delayed write function of the disk control layer. The write operation to the media does not need to be completed when return from this function by what write operation is in progress or data is only stored into the write-back cache. But write data on the <tt class="arg">buff</tt> is invalid after return from this function. The write completion request is done by <tt>CTRL_SYNC</tt> command of <tt><a href="dioctl.html">disk_ioctl</a></tt> function. Therefore, if a delayed write function is implemented, the write throughput of the filesystem will be improved.</p>
+<p>FatFs expects delayed write function in the disk control layer. The write operation to the media does not need to be completed when return from this function by what write operation is in progress or data is only stored into the write-back cache. The write data on the <tt class="arg">buff</tt> is invalid after return from this function. The write completion request is done by <tt>CTRL_SYNC</tt> command of <tt><a href="dioctl.html">disk_ioctl</a></tt> function. Therefore, if a delayed write function is implemented, the write throughput of the filesystem will be improved.</p>
 <p><em>Remarks: Application program MUST NOT call this function, or FAT structure on the volume can be collapsed.</em></p>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/eof.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_eof</title>
 </head>
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ int f_eof (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="lseek.html">f_lseek</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/error.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_error</title>
 </head>
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ int f_error (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/lseek.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_expand</title>
 </head>
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ FRESULT f_expand (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>fsz</dt>
 <dd>Number of bytes in size to prepare or allocate for the file. The data type <tt>FSIZE_t</tt> is an alias of either <tt>DWORD</tt>(32-bit) or <tt>QWORD</tt>(64-bit) depends on the configuration option <tt>FF_FS_EXFAT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>opt</dt>
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ FRESULT f_expand (
 </ul>
 <p>When <tt class="arg">opt</tt> is 0, the function finds a contiguous data area and set it as suggested point for next allocation. The subsequent cluster allocation begins at top of the contiguous area found by this function. Thus the file allocation is guaranteed be contiguous and without allocation delay until the file size reaches this size unless any other changes to the volume is performed.</p>
 <p>The contiguous file has an advantage for time-critical read/write operations. It eliminates some overheads in the filesystem and the storage device caused by random access for fragmented file.</p>
-<p>Also the contiguous file can be easily accessed directly via low-level disk functions. However, this is not recommended in consideration of portability and future compatibility. If the file has not been confirmed be contiguous, use <a href="../res/app5.c">this function</a> to examine if the file is contiguous or not.</p>
+<p>The contiguou files can easily be accessed via low-level disk functions. However, this is not recommended in consideration of portability and future compatibility. If the file has not been confirmed be contiguous, use <a href="../res/app5.c">this function</a> to examine if the file is contiguous or not.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para comp">
@@ -76,16 +74,16 @@ FRESULT f_expand (
    <span class="c">/* Creating a contiguous file */</span>
    <span class="c">/* Create a new file */</span>
-    res = f_open(fp = malloc(sizeof (FIL)), "file.dat", FA_WRITE|FA_CREATE_ALWAYS);
+    res = <em>f_open</em>(fp = malloc(sizeof (FIL)), "file.dat", FA_WRITE|FA_CREATE_ALWAYS);
    if (res) { <span class="c">/* Check if the file has been opened */</span>
        free(fp);
        die("Failed to open the file.");
    }
-    <span class="c">/* Alloacte a 100 MiB of contiguous area to the file */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Allocate a 100 MiB of contiguous area to the file */</span>
    res = <em>f_expand</em>(fp, 104857600, 1);
    if (res) { <span class="c">/* Check if the file has been expanded */</span>
-        f_close(fp);
+        <em>f_close</em>(fp);
        free(fp);
        die("Failed to allocate contiguous area.");
    }
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ FRESULT f_expand (
    lba = fp-&gt;obj.fs-&gt;database + fp-&gt;obj.fs-&gt;csize * (fp-&gt;obj.sclust - 2);
    <span class="c">/* Write 2048 sectors from top of the file at a time */</span>
-    res = disk_write(drv, buffer, lba, 2048);
+    res = <em>disk_write</em>(drv, data, lba, 2048);
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -112,6 +110,7 @@ FRESULT f_expand (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="lseek.html">f_lseek</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/fattime.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - get_fattime</title>
 </head>
@@ -48,7 +46,30 @@ DWORD get_fattime (void);
 <div class="para comp">
 <h4>QuickInfo</h4>
-<p>This function is not needed when <tt>FF_FS_READONLY == 1</tt> or <tt>FF_FS_NORTC == 1</tt>.</p>
+<p>This function is not needed when <tt><a href="config.html#fs_readonly">FF_FS_READONLY</a> == 1</tt> or <tt><a href="config.html#fs_nortc">FF_FS_NORTC</a> == 1</tt>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para use">
 <h4>Example</h4>
 <pre>
 DWORD get_fattime (void)
 {
    time_t t;
    struct tm *stm;
    t = time(0);
    stm = localtime(&t);
    return (DWORD)(stm->tm_year - 80) &lt;&lt; 25 |
           (DWORD)(stm->tm_mon + 1) &lt;&lt; 21 |
           (DWORD)stm->tm_mday &lt;&lt; 16 |
           (DWORD)stm->tm_hour &lt;&lt; 11 |
           (DWORD)stm->tm_min &lt;&lt; 5 |
           (DWORD)stm->tm_sec &gt;&gt; 1;
 }
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/fdisk.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_fdisk</title>
 </head>
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ FRESULT f_fdisk (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function creates partitions on the physical drive. The partitioning format can be in generic MBR or GPT. The partition map table specifies how to divide the physical drive. The first item specifies the size of the first partition and the partitions are located on the drive in order of from the first item. When the value of item is less than or equal to 100, it specifies the partition size in percentage of the entire drive space. When it is larger than 100, it specifies number of sectors. The partition map table is terminated by a zero, no space is remaining for next allocation or 4th partition is created in MBR format. If the specified size is larger than remaining space on the drive, the partition is clipped at the size of remaining space.</p>
+<p>The <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function creates partitions on the physical drive. The partitioning format can be in generic MBR or GPT. The partition map table specifies how to divide the physical drive. The first item specifies the size of the first partition and the partitions are located on the drive in order of from the first item. When the value of item is less than or equal to 100, it specifies the partition size in percentage of the entire drive space. When it is larger than 100, it specifies number of sectors. The partition map table is terminated by a zero, 4th partition in MBR format or no remainin space for next allocation. If the specified size is larger than remaining space on the drive, the partition is truncated at end of the drive.</p>
 <p>By default, partitions are created in MBR format. It can create upto four primary partitions on a drive. GPT format is used to create the partitions when 64-bit LBA is enabled (<tt>FF_LBA64 = 1</tt>) and the drive size is equal to or larger than <tt><a href="config.html#fs_gptmin">FF_MIN_GPT</a></tt> sectors. It can create over ten partitions on a drive.</p>
 </div>
@@ -64,23 +62,23 @@ FRESULT f_fdisk (
    <span class="c">/* Volume mapping table defined by user (required when FF_MULTI_PARTITION == 1) */</span>
    PARTITION VolToPart[FF_VOLUMES] = {
-        {0, 1},    <span class="c">/* "0:" ==> Physical drive 0, 1st partition */</span>
+        {0, 1},    <span class="c">/* "0:" ==> 1st partition in physical drive 0 */</span>
-        {0, 2},    <span class="c">/* "1:" ==> Physical drive 0, 2nd partition */</span>
+        {0, 2},    <span class="c">/* "1:" ==> 2nd partition in physical drive 0 */</span>
-        {1, 0}     <span class="c">/* "2:" ==> Physical drive 1, auto detection */</span>
+        {1, 0}     <span class="c">/* "2:" ==> Physical drive 1 as removable drive */</span>
    };
 </pre>
 <pre>
    <span class="c">/* Initialize a brand-new disk drive mapped to physical drive 0 */</span>
    BYTE work[FF_MAX_SS];         <span class="c">/* Working buffer */</span>
-    LBA_t plist[] = {50, 50, 0};  <span class="c">/* Divide the drive into two partitions */</span>
+    LBA_t plist[] = {50, 50, 0};  <span class="c">/* Divide the drive by 2 */</span>
-                 <span class="c">/* {0x10000000, 100}; 256M sectors for 1st partition and left all for 2nd partition */</span>
+                 <span class="c">/* {0x10000000, 100}; 256M sectors for the 1st partition and the remaining for the 2nd partition */</span>
                 <span class="c">/* {20, 20, 20, 0}; 20% for 3 partitions each and remaing space is left not allocated */</span>
-    <em>f_fdisk</em>(0, plist, work);                    <span class="c">/* Divide physical drive 0 */</span>
+    <em>f_fdisk</em>(0, plist, work);            <span class="c">/* Divide the physical drive 0 */</span>
-    f_mkfs("0:", 0, work, sizeof work); <span class="c">/* Create FAT volume on the logical drive 0 */</span>
+    <em>f_mkfs</em>("0:", 0, work, sizeof work); <span class="c">/* Create FAT volume on the logical drive 0 */</span>
-    f_mkfs("1:", 0, work, sizeof work); <span class="c">/* Create FAT volume on the logical drive 1 */</span>
+    <em>f_mkfs</em>("1:", 0, work, sizeof work); <span class="c">/* Create FAT volume on the logical drive 1 */</span>
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -90,6 +88,7 @@ FRESULT f_fdisk (
 <p><a href="filename.html#vol">Volume management</a>, <a href="mkfs.html"><tt>f_mkfs</tt></a></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/filename.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - Path Names</title>
 </head>
@@ -16,8 +14,8 @@
 <h3>Format of the Path Names</h3>
 <p>The format of path name on the FatFs module is similer to the filename specs of DOS/Windos as follows:</p>
 <pre>[<em>drive#</em>:][/]<em>directory</em>/<em>file</em></pre>
-<p>The FatFs module supports long file name (LFN) and 8.3 format file name (SFN). The LFN can be used when <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a> &gt;= 1</tt>. The sub-directories are separated with a <tt>\</tt> or <tt>/</tt> as the same way as DOS/Windows API. Duplicated separator and terminating separator, such as <tt>"/<em>/</em>animal/<em>//</em>cat<em>/</em>"</tt>, are ignored. Only a difference is that the heading drive prefix to specify the <a href="#vol">logical drive</a> is in a digit (0-9) + a colon, while it is in an alphabet (A-Z) + a colon in DOS/Windows. The logical drive number is the identifier to specify the FAT volume to be accessed. When drive prefix is omitted, the logical drive number is assumed as <em>default drive</em>.</p>
+<p>The FatFs module supports long file name (LFN) and 8.3 format file name (SFN). The LFN can be used when <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a> &gt;= 1</tt>. The sub-directories are separated with a <tt>\</tt> or <tt>/</tt> as the same way as DOS/Windows API. Duplicated separator and terminating separator, such as <tt>"/<em>/</em>animal/<em>//</em>cat<em>/</em>"</tt>, are ignored. Only a difference is that the heading drive prefix to specify the <a href="#vol">logical drive</a>, an FAT volume, is in a digit (0-9) + a colon, while it is in an alphabet (A-Z) + a colon in DOS/Windows. The logical drive number is the identifier to specify the volume to be accessed. When drive prefix is omitted, the logical drive number is assumed as <em>default drive</em>.</p>
-<p>Control characters (<tt>\0</tt> to <tt>\x1F</tt>) are recognized as end of the path name. Leading/embedded white spaces in the path name are valid as a part of the name in LFN configuration, but the white space is recognized as end of the path name in non-LFN configuration.</p>
+<p>Control characters (<tt>\0</tt> to <tt>\x1F</tt>) are recognized as end of the path name. In LFN configuration, leading or embedded white spaces in the file name are valid as part of the file name, but the treminating white space and dot of the file name are ignored and truncated. In non-LFN configuration, white space is recognized as end of the path name.</p>
 <p>In default configuration (<tt><a href="config.html#fs_rpath">FF_FS_RPATH</a> == 0</tt>), it does not have a concept of current directory like OS oriented filesystem. Every object on the volume is always specified in full path name followed from the root directory. Dot directory names (<tt>".", ".."</tt>) are not allowed. Heading separator is ignored and it can be exist or omitted. The default drive is fixed to drive 0.</p>
 <p>When relative path feature is enabled (<tt>FF_FS_RPATH &gt;= 1</tt>), specified path is followed from the root directory if a heading separator is exist. If not, it is followed from the current directory of the default drive. Dot directory name is also allowed for the path name. The current directory is set by <a href="chdir.html"><tt>f_chdir</tt></a> function and the default drive is the current drive set by <a href="chdrive.html"><tt>f_chdrive</tt></a> function.</p>
 <table class="lst2">
@@ -36,15 +34,15 @@
 <tr><td>/..</td><td>Invalid name</td><td>The root directory (sticks the top level)</td></tr>
 </table>
 <p>Also the drive prefix can be in pre-defined arbitrary string. When the option <tt><a href="config.html#str_volume_id">FF_STR_VOLUME_ID</a> == 1</tt>, also arbitrary string volume ID can be used as drive prefix. e.g. <tt>"<em>flash:</em>file1.txt"</tt>, <tt>"<em>ram:</em>temp.dat"</tt> or <tt>"<em>sd:</em>"</tt>. If the srting does not match any volume ID, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</p>
-<p>When <tt>FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 2</tt>, Unix style drive prefix can be used. e.g. <tt>"<em>/flash</em>/file1.txt"</tt>, <tt>"<em>/ram</em>/temp.dat"</tt> or <tt>"<em>/sd</em>"</tt>. If a heading separator is exist, it is treated as start of drive prefix and in absolute path. Any form as "root directory in current drive" and "current directory in specified drive" cannot be used. Double dot entry cannot traverse the drives such as <tt>"<em>/flash</em>/..<em>/ram</em>/foo.dat"</tt>.</p>
+<p>When <tt>FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 2</tt>, Unix style drive prefix can be used. e.g. <tt>"<em>/flash</em>/file1.txt"</tt>, <tt>"<em>/ram</em>/temp.dat"</tt> or <tt>"<em>/sd</em>"</tt>. If a heading separator is exist, it is treated as an absolute path with a heading node ID. Any form as "root directory in current drive" and "current directory in specified drive" cannot be used. Double dot name cannot traverse the volumes such as <tt>"<em>/flash</em>/..<em>/ram</em>/foo.dat"</tt>.</p>
 <p><em>Remark: In this revision, double dot name <tt>".."</tt> cannot follow the parent directory on the exFAT volume. It will work as <tt>"."</tt> and stay there.</em></p>
 </div>
 <div class="para doc" id="case">
 <h3>Legal Characters and Case Sensitivity</h3>
 <p>In the generic FAT filesystems, the legal characters for object name (file/directory name) are, <tt>0-9 A-Z ! # $ % &amp; ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~</tt> in ASCII and extended characters <tt>\x80</tt> to <tt>\xFF</tt>. In the FAT filesystems with LFN extention, also <tt>+ , ; = [ ]</tt>, white space and extended characters <tt>U+000080</tt> to <tt>U+10FFFF</tt> are legal for the object name. White spaces and dots can be placed anywhere in the path name except end of the name. Trailing white spaces and dots are ignored.</p>
-<p>FAT filesystem is case-insensitive to the object names on the volume. Object name on the FAT volume is compared in case-insensitive. For instance, these three names, <tt>file.txt</tt>, <tt>File.Txt</tt> and <tt>FILE.TXT</tt>, are identical on the FAT filesystem. This is applied to extended charactres as well. When an object is created on the FAT volume, up converted name is recorded to the SFN entry, and the raw name is recorded to the LFN entry when LFN extension is exist.</p>
+<p>FAT filesystem is case-insensitive to the object names on the volume. Object names on the FAT volume are compared in case-insensitive. For instance, these three names, <tt>file.txt</tt>, <tt>File.Txt</tt> and <tt>FILE.TXT</tt>, are identical on the FAT filesystem. This is applied to extended charactres as well. When an object is created on the FAT volume, up converted name is recorded to the SFN entry, and the original name is recorded to the LFN entry if LFN extension is enabled.</p>
-<p>As for the MS-DOS and PC DOS for CJK (DOS/DBCS), extended characters ware recorded to the SFN entry without up-case conversion and compared in case-sensitive. This causes a problem on compatibility with Windows system when the object with extended characters is created on the volume by DOS/DBCS system; therfore the object names with DBCS extended characters should not be used on the FAT volume shared by those systems. FatFs works with case-sensitive to the extended characters in only non-LFN with DBCS configuration (DOS/DBCS specs). But in LFN configuration, FatFs works with case-insensitive to the extended character (WindowsNT specs).</p>
+<p>On the MS-DOS and PC DOS for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (DOS/DBCS), extended characters are recorded to the SFN entry without up-case conversion and compared in case-sensitive. This causes a problem on compatibility with Windows system when the object with extended characters is created on the volume by DOS/DBCS system; therfore the object names with DBCS extended characters should not be used on the FAT volume shared by those systems. FatFs works with case-sensitive to the extended characters in only non-LFN with DBCS configuration (DOS/DBCS specs). However, FatFs works with case-insensitive to the extended character (WindowsNT specs) in LFN configuration.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para doc" id="uni">
@@ -61,31 +59,35 @@
 <div class="para doc" id="vol">
 <h3>Volume Management</h3>
-<p>By default, each logical drive is associated with the physical drive in same drive number. An FAT volume on the physical drive is serched in the volume mount process. It reads boot sectors and checks it if it is an FAT boot sector in order of LBA 0 as SFD format, 1st partition, 2nd partition, 3rd partition, ..., as MBR or GPT format.</p>
+<p>By default, each logical drive is associated with the physical drive in same drive number. An FAT volume on the physical drive is serched in the volume mount process. It reads boot sectors and checks it if it is an FAT VBR in order of LBA 0 as SFD format, 1st partition, 2nd partition, 3rd partition, ..., as MBR or GPT format.</p>
-<p>When multiple partition feature is enabled, <tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION = 1</a></tt>, each individual logical drive is associated with arbitrary partition or physical drive specified by volume management table, <tt>VolToPart[]</tt>. The table needs to be defined by user to resolve mappings of the logical drive numbers and the target partitions. Following code is an example of a volume management table.</p>
+<p>When multiple partition feature is enabled, <tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION = 1</a></tt>, each individual logical drive is associated with arbitrary partition or physical drive specified by volume management table, <tt>VolToPart[]</tt>. The table needs to be defined by user to resolve mappings of the logical drive numbers and the associated partitions or drives. Following code is an example of the volume management table.</p>
 <pre>
-Example: "0:", "1:" and "2:" are associated with three partitions on the physical drive 0 (fixed drive)
+Example: "0:", "1:" and "2:" are associated with three partitions on the physical drive 0 (a non-removable drive)
-         "3:" is associated with physical drive 1 (removable drive)
+         "3:" is associated with physical drive 1 (a removable drive)
 PARTITION VolToPart[FF_VOLUMES] = {
    {0, 1},     <span class="c">/* "0:" ==> 1st partition on the pd#0 */</span>
    {0, 2},     <span class="c">/* "1:" ==> 2nd partition on the pd#0 */</span>
    {0, 3},     <span class="c">/* "2:" ==> 3rd partition on the pd#0 */</span>
-    {1, 0}      <span class="c">/* "3:" ==> A valie FAT volume on the pd#1 (.pt = 0 specifies auto-search) */</span>
+    {1, 0}      <span class="c">/* "3:" ==> pd#1 as removable drive (auto-search) */</span>
 };
 <img src="../res/f7.png" width="900" height="288" alt="relationship between logical drive and physical drive">
 </pre>
 <div><img src="../res/f7.png" width="900" height="288" alt="relationship between logical drive and physical drive"></div>
 <p>There are some considerations when enable the multi-partition configuration.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>The physical drive that hosts two or more mounted partitions should be non-removable, or all volumes on the drive must be unmounted when remove the medium.</li>
 <li>When make any change to the <tt>VolToPart[]</tt>, corresponding volume should be unmounted prior to make change the item.</li>
 <li>On the MBR format drive, up to four primary partitions (1-4) can be specified. The partition number 1 specifies the first item in the partition table and the partition number 2 specifies the second one, and so on. The logical patitions (5-) in the extended partition is not supported.</li>
-<li>On the GPT format drive, the partition number 1 specifies the first Microsoft Basic Data Partition found in the partition table and the partition number 2 specifies the second one found, and so on.</li>
+<li>On the GPT format drive, the partition number 1 specifies the first Microsoft BDP found in the partition table and the partition number 2 specifies the second one found, and so on.</li>
-<li>Windows does not support multiple volumes on the physical drive with removable class. Only the first parition found on the drive will be mounted. Windows does not support SFD format on the physical drive with fixed disk class.</li>
+<li>Windows 10 earlier than 1703 does not support multiple volumes on the physical drive with removable class. Only the first parition found on the drive will be mounted. Windows OS does not support SFD format on the physical drive with non-removable class.</li>
-<li>For further information, refer to <tt><a href="fdisk.html">f_fdisk</a></tt> and <tt><a href="mkfs.html">f_mkfs</a></tt>function.</li>
+<li>Some systems manage the on-board storage in non-standard partition format and each partition is mapped as physical drive in <tt>disk_*</tt> functions. For such system, <tt>FF_MULTI_PARTITION</tt> should be always 0 and use <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag in <tt><a href="mkfs.html">f_mkfs</a></tt>.</li>
 <li>For further information about the volume management, refer to the description in <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt><a href="fdisk.html">f_fdisk</a></tt>.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/findfirst.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_findfirst</title>
 </head>
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ FRESULT f_findfirst (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>dp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the blank directory object.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the blank directory object. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>fno</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the <a href="sfileinfo.html">file information structure</a> to store the information about the found item.</dd>
 <dt>path</dt>
@@ -62,18 +60,18 @@ FRESULT f_findfirst (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
 <p>After the directory specified by <tt class="arg">path</tt> could be opened, it starts to search the directory for items with the matching pattern specified by <tt class="arg">pattern</tt>. If the first item is found, the information about the item is stored into the file information structure <tt class="arg">fno</tt>. If not found, <tt>fno-&gt;fname[]</tt> has a null string.</p>
-<p>The matching pattern string can contain wildcard terms. For example:</p>
+<p>The matching pattern string can contain wildcards. For example:</p>
 <ul>
 <li><tt>?</tt> - An any character.</li>
 <li><tt>???</tt> - An any string in length of three characters.</li>
 <li><tt>*</tt> - An any string in length of zero or longer.</li>
 <li><tt>????*</tt> - An any string in length of four characters or longer.</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Since the matching algorithm uses recursion, number of wildcard terms in the matching pattern is limited to four to limit the stack usage. Any pattern with too many wildcard terms does not match any name. In LFN configuration, only <tt>fname[]</tt> is tested when <tt>FF_USE_FIND == 1</tt> and also <tt>altname[]</tt> is tested when <tt>FF_USE_FIND == 2</tt>. There are some differences listed below between FatFs and standard systems in matching condition.</p>
+<p>Since the matching algorithm uses recursion, number of wildcards in the matching pattern is limited to four to limit the stack usage. Any pattern with too many wildcards does not match any name. In LFN configuration, only <tt>fname[]</tt> is tested when <tt>FF_USE_FIND == 1</tt> and also <tt>altname[]</tt> is tested when <tt>FF_USE_FIND == 2</tt>. There are some differences listed below between FatFs and standard systems in matching condition.</p>
 <ul>
-<li><tt>"*.*"</tt> never matches any name without extension while it matches any name with or without extension in standard systems.</li>
+<li><tt>"*.*"</tt> does not match any name without extension while it matches any name with or without extension in standard systems.</li>
-<li>Any pattern terminated with a dot never matches any name while it matches the name without extensiton in standard systems.</li>
+<li>Any pattern terminated with a dot does not match any name while it matches the name without extensiton in standard systems.</li>
-<li><a href="filename.html#case">DBCS extended characters</a> are compared in case-sensitive when LFN is enabled with ANSI/OEM code API.</li>
+<li><a href="filename.html#case">DBCS extended characters</a> are compared in case-sensitive when LFN is enabled with <tt>!FF_LFN_UNICODE</tt>.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
@@ -99,10 +97,10 @@ void find_image_file (void)
    while (fr == FR_OK &amp;&amp; fno.fname[0]) {         <span class="c">/* Repeat while an item is found */</span>
        printf("%s\n", fno.fname);                <span class="c">/* Print the object name */</span>
-        fr = f_findnext(&amp;dj, &amp;fno);               <span class="c">/* Search for next item */</span>
+        fr = <em>f_findnext</em>(&amp;dj, &amp;fno);               <span class="c">/* Search for next item */</span>
    }
-    f_closedir(&amp;dj);
+    <em>f_closedir</em>(&amp;dj);
 }
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/findnext.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_findnext</title>
 </head>
@@ -64,6 +62,7 @@ FRESULT f_findnext (
 <p><tt><a href="findfirst.html">f_findfirst</a>, <a href="closedir.html">f_closedir</a>, <a href="sdir.html">DIR</a>, <a href="sfileinfo.html">FILINFO</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/forward.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_forward</title>
 </head>
@@ -28,13 +26,13 @@ FRESULT f_forward (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>func</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the user-defined data streaming function. For details, refer to the sample code.</dd>
 <dt>btf</dt>
 <dd>Number of bytes to forward in range of <tt>UINT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>bf</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the <tt>UINT</tt> variable to return number of bytes forwarded.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the variable in <tt>UINT</tt> type to return number of bytes forwarded.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ FRESULT f_forward (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The <tt>f_forward</tt> function reads the data from the file and forward it to the outgoing stream without data buffer. This is suitable for small memory system because it does not require any data buffer at application module. The file pointer of the file object increases in number of bytes forwarded. In case of <tt class="arg">*bf</tt> is less than <tt class="arg">btf</tt> without error, it means the requested bytes could not be transferred due to end of file or stream goes busy during data transfer.</p>
+<p>The <tt>f_forward</tt> function reads the data from the file and forward it to the outgoing stream. This function is suitable for small memory system, because it does not require any data buffer in the application module. The file pointer of the file object advances in number of bytes forwarded. In case of <tt class="arg">*bf</tt> is less than <tt class="arg">btf</tt> without error, it means the requested size of data could not be transferred due to end of file or stream goes busy during data transfer.</p>
 </div>
@@ -109,11 +107,11 @@ FRESULT play_file (
    UINT dmy;
    <span class="c">/* Open the audio file in read only mode */</span>
-    rc = f_open(&amp;fil, fn, FA_READ);
+    rc = <em>f_open</em>(&amp;fil, fn, FA_READ);
    if (rc) return rc;
    <span class="c">/* Repeat until the file pointer reaches end of the file */</span>
-    while (rc == FR_OK &amp;&amp; !f_eof(&amp;fil)) {
+    while (rc == FR_OK &amp;&amp; !<em>f_eof</em>(&amp;fil)) {
        <span class="c">/* some processes... */</span>
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ FRESULT play_file (
    }
    <span class="c">/* Close the file and return */</span>
-    f_close(&amp;fil);
+    <em>f_close</em>(&amp;fil);
    return rc;
 }
 </pre>
@@ -134,6 +132,7 @@ FRESULT play_file (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="gets.html">fgets</a>, <a href="write.html">f_write</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/getcwd.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_getcwd</title>
 </head>
@@ -78,6 +76,7 @@ FRESULT f_getcwd (
 <p><tt><a href="chdrive.html">f_chdrive</a>, <a href="chdir.html">f_chdir</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/getfree.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_getfree</title>
 </head>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/getlabel.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_getlabel</title>
 </head>
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ FRESULT f_getlabel (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">logical drive</a>. Null-string specifies the default drive.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">logical drive</a>. Null-string specifies the default drive. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>label</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the buffer to store the volume label. If the volume has no label, a null-string will be returned. Set null pointer if this information is not needed. The buffer size should be shown below at least to avoid buffer overflow.<br>
 <table class="lst2">
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/gets.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_gets</title>
 </head>
@@ -45,13 +43,13 @@ TCHAR* f_gets (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
 <p>The read operation continues until a <tt>'\n'</tt> is stored, reached end of the file or the buffer is filled with <tt>len - 1</tt> characters. The read string is terminated with a <tt>'\0'</tt>. When no character to read or any error occured during read operation, it returns a null pointer. The status of EOF and error can be examined with <tt>f_eof</tt> and <tt>f_error</tt> function.</p>
-<p>When FatFs is configured to Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> >= 1</tt>), data types on the srting fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt>, is also switched to Unicode. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be read via this function is assumed as <a href="config.html#strf_encode"><tt>FF_STRF_ENCODE</tt></a>. If the character encoding on the file differs from that on the API, it is converted in this function. In this case, input characters with wrong encoding will be lost.</p>
+<p>When FatFs is configured to Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> >= 1</tt>), data types on the srting fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt>, is also switched to Unicode. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be read via this function is assumed as <a href="config.html#strf_encode"><tt>FF_STRF_ENCODE</tt></a>. If the character encoding differs between file data and API, it is converted in this function. Input characters with wrong encoding for output will be lost.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="para comp">
 <h4>QuickInfo</h4>
-<p>This is a wrapper function of <a href="read.html"><tt>f_read</tt></a> function. Available when <tt><a href="config.html#use_strfunc">FF_USE_STRFUNC</a> &gt;= 1</tt>. When it is set to 2, <tt>'\r'</tt>s contained in the file are stripped out.</p>
+<p>This is a wrapper function of <a href="read.html"><tt>f_read</tt></a> function. Available when <tt><a href="config.html#use_strfunc">FF_USE_STRFUNC</a> &gt;= 1</tt>. When it is set to 2, <tt>'\r'</tt>s contained in the read data are stripped off.</p>
 </div>
@@ -60,6 +58,7 @@ TCHAR* f_gets (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="read.html">f_read</a>, <a href="putc.html">f_putc</a>, <a href="puts.html">f_puts</a>, <a href="printf.html">f_printf</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/lseek.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_lseek</title>
 </head>
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ FRESULT f_rewind (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>ofs</dt>
 <dd>Byte offset from top of the file to set read/write pointer. The data type <tt>FSIZE_t</tt> is an alias of either <tt>DWORD</tt>(32-bit) or <tt>QWORD</tt>(64-bit) depends on the configuration option <tt><a href="config.html#fs_exfat">FF_FS_EXFAT</a></tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
@@ -53,17 +51,18 @@ FRESULT f_rewind (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>File read/write ponter in the open file object points the data byte to be read/written at next read/write operation. It advances as the number of bytes read/written. The <tt>f_lseek</tt> function moves the file read/write pointer without any read/write operation to the file. The <tt>f_rewind</tt> function is impremented as a macro.</p>
+<p>File read/write ponter in the open file object points the data byte to be read/written at next read/write operation. It advances as the number of bytes read/written. The <tt>f_lseek</tt> function moves the file read/write pointer without read/write operation to the file. The <tt>f_rewind</tt> function is impremented as a macro.</p>
 <pre>
 #define <em>f_rewind</em>(fp) f_lseek((fp), 0)
 </pre>
-<p>If an offset beyond the file size is specified in write mode, the file size is expanded to the specified offset. The file data in the expanded part is <em>undefined</em>, because no data is written to the file in this process. This is suitable to pre-allocate a data area to the file quickly for fast write operation. When a contiguous data area needs to be allocated to the file, use <tt>f_expand</tt> function instead. After the <tt>f_lseek</tt> function succeeded, the current read/write pointer should be checked in order to make sure the read/write pointer has been moved correctry. In case of the read/write pointer is not pointing expected offset, either of followings has been occured.</p>
+<p>When an offset beyond the file size is specified in write mode, the file size is expanded to the specified offset <em>in this function</em>. The file data in the expanded part is <em>undefined</em>, because no data is written to the file in this process. Be careful about these behaviours differ from POSIX <tt>fseek</tt> function. This is suitable to pre-allocate a data area to the file for subsequent fast write operation. If a contiguous data area needs to be allocated to the file, use <tt>f_expand</tt> function instead.</p>
 <p>After the <tt>f_lseek</tt> function succeeded, the current read/write pointer should be checked in order to make sure the read/write pointer has been moved correctry. In case of the read/write pointer is not pointing expected offset, either of followings has been occured.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>End of file. The specified <tt class="arg">ofs</tt> was clipped at end of the file in read-only mode.</li>
 <li>Disk full. There is no free space on the volume to expand the file.</li>
 </ul>
 <p>The fast seek feature enables fast backward/long seek operations without FAT access by using an on-memory CLMT (cluster link map table). It is applied to <tt>f_read</tt> and <tt>f_write</tt> function as well, however, the file size cannot be expanded by <tt>f_write</tt>, <tt>f_lseek</tt> function while the file is at fast seek mode.</p>
-<p>The fast seek mode is enabled when <tt>FF_USE_FASTSEEK = 1</tt>. The CLMT must be created into the <tt>DWORD</tt> array prior to use the fast seek mode. To create the CLMT, set address of the <tt>DWORD</tt> array to the member <tt>cltbl</tt> in the open file object, set the size of array in unit of items to the <tt>cltbl[0]</tt> and then call <tt>f_lseek</tt> function with <tt class="arg">ofs</tt><tt> = CREATE_LINKMAP</tt>. After the function succeeded, no FAT access is occured in subsequent <tt>f_read</tt>, <tt>f_write</tt>, <tt>f_lseek</tt> function to the file. The number of items used or required is returned into the <tt>cltbl[0]</tt>. The number of items needed is (number of the file fragments + 1) * 2. For example, 12 items in the array will be used for the file fragmented in 5 portions. If the function failed with <tt>FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE</tt>, the size of given array is insufficient for the file.</p>
+<p>The fast seek mode is available when <tt>FF_USE_FASTSEEK = 1</tt>. The CLMT must be created into the <tt>DWORD</tt> array prior to use the fast seek mode. To create the CLMT, set address of the <tt>DWORD</tt> array to the member <tt>cltbl</tt> in the open file object, set the size of array in unit of items to the <tt>cltbl[0]</tt> and then call <tt>f_lseek</tt> function with <tt class="arg">ofs</tt><tt> = CREATE_LINKMAP</tt>. After the function succeeded, no FAT access is occured in subsequent <tt>f_read</tt>, <tt>f_write</tt>, <tt>f_lseek</tt> function to the file. The number of items used or required is returned into the <tt>cltbl[0]</tt>. The number of items needed is (number of the file fragments + 1) * 2. For example, 12 items in the array will be used for the file fragmented in 5 portions. If the function failed with <tt>FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE</tt>, the size of given array is insufficient for the file.</p>
 </div>
@@ -78,33 +77,33 @@ FRESULT f_rewind (
 <pre>
    <span class="c">/* Open file */</span>
    fp = malloc(sizeof (FIL));
-    res = f_open(fp, "file.dat", FA_READ|FA_WRITE);
+    res = <em>f_open</em>(fp, "file.dat", FA_READ|FA_WRITE);
    if (res) ...
-    <span class="c">/* Move to offset of 5000 from top of the file */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Set read/write pointer to 5000 */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, 5000);
-    <span class="c">/* Move to end of the file to append data */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Set read/write pointer to end of the file to append data */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, f_size(fp));
-    <span class="c">/* Forward 3000 bytes */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Advance read/write pointer 3000 bytes */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, f_tell(fp) + 3000);
-    <span class="c">/* Rewind 2000 bytes (take care on wraparound) */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Rewind read/write pointer 2000 bytes (take care on wraparound) */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, f_tell(fp) - 2000);
 </pre>
 <pre>
 <span class="c">/* Cluster pre-allocation (to prevent buffer overrun on streaming write) */</span>
-    res = f_open(fp, recfile, FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE);   <span class="c">/* Create a file */</span>
+    res = <em>f_open</em>(fp, recfile, FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE);   <span class="c">/* Create a file */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, PRE_SIZE);             <span class="c">/* Expand file size (cluster pre-allocation) */</span>
-    if (res || f_tell(fp) != PRE_SIZE) ...   <span class="c">/* Check if the file has been expanded successfly */</span>
+    if (res || <em>f_tell</em>(fp) != PRE_SIZE) ...   <span class="c">/* Check if the file has been expanded successfly */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, OFS_DATA);             <span class="c">/* Record data stream with free from cluster allocation delay */</span>
    ...                                      <span class="c">/* Write operation should be aligned to sector boundary to optimize the write throughput */</span>
-    res = f_truncate(fp);                    <span class="c">/* Truncate unused area */</span>
+    res = <em>f_truncate</em>(fp);                    <span class="c">/* Truncate unused area */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, OFS_HEADER);           <span class="c">/* Set file header */</span>
    ...
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ FRESULT f_rewind (
    DWORD clmt[SZ_TBL];                    <span class="c">/* Cluster link map table buffer */</span>
-    res = f_open(fp, fname, FA_READ | FA_WRITE);   <span class="c">/* Open a file */</span>
+    res = <em>f_open</em>(fp, fname, FA_READ | FA_WRITE);   <span class="c">/* Open a file */</span>
    res = <em>f_lseek</em>(fp, ofs1);               <span class="c">/* This is normal seek (cltbl is nulled on file open) */</span>
@@ -134,6 +133,7 @@ FRESULT f_rewind (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="truncate.html">f_truncate</a>, <a href="expand.html">f_expand</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/mkdir.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_mkdir</title>
 </head>
@@ -75,6 +73,7 @@ FRESULT f_mkdir (
 </pre>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/mkfs.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_mkfs</title>
 </head>
@@ -30,23 +28,23 @@ FRESULT f_mkfs (
 <dt>path</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string specifies the <a href="filename.html">logical drive</a> to be formatted. If it does not have a drive number in it, it means to specify the default drive. The logical drive may or may not have been mounted for the format process.</dd>
 <dt>opt</dt>
-<dd>Specifies the format option structure <tt>MKFS_PARM</tt> holding format options. If a null pointer is given, it gives the function all options in default value. The structure has five members described below:<br>
+<dd>Specifies the format option structure <tt>MKFS_PARM</tt> holding format options. If a null pointer is given, it gives the function every option in default value. The structure has five members in order of described below:<br>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>BYTE fmt</dt>
-<dd>Specifies combination of FAT type flags, <tt>FM_FAT</tt>, <tt>FM_FAT32</tt>, <tt>FM_EXFAT</tt> and bitwise-or of these three, <tt>FM_ANY</tt>. <tt>FM_EXFAT</tt> is ignored when exFAT is not enabled. These flags specify which FAT type to be created on the volume. If two or more types are specified, one out of them will be selected depends on the volume size and <tt class="arg">au_size</tt>. The flag <tt>FM_SFD</tt> specifies to create the volume on the drive in SFD format. The default value is <tt>FM_ANY</tt>.</dd>
+<dd>Specifies a combination of FAT type flags, <tt>FM_FAT</tt>, <tt>FM_FAT32</tt>, <tt>FM_EXFAT</tt> and bitwise-or of these three, <tt>FM_ANY</tt>. <tt>FM_EXFAT</tt> is ignored when exFAT is not enabled. These flags specify which type of FAT volume to be created. If two or more types are specified, one out of them will be selected depends on the volume size and <tt class="arg">au_size</tt>. The flag <tt>FM_SFD</tt> specifies to create the volume on the drive in SFD format. The default value is <tt>FM_ANY</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>DWORD au_size</dt>
 <dd>Specifies size of the allocation unit (cluter) in unit of byte. The valid value is power of 2 between sector size and 128 * sector size inclusive for FAT/FAT32 volume, or up to 16 MB for exFAT volume. If a zero (default value) or any invalid value is given, the function uses default allocation unit size depends on the volume size.</dd>
 <dt>UINT n_align</dt>
 <dd>Specifies alignment of the volume data area (file allocation pool, usually erase block boundary of flash memory media) in unit of sector. The valid value for this member is between 1 and 32768 inclusive in power of 2. If a zero (the default value) or any invalid value is given, the function obtains the block size from lower layer with <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function.</dd>
 <dt>BYTE n_fat</dt>
 <dd>Specifies number of FAT copies on the FAT/FAT32 volume. Valid value for this member is 1 or 2. The default value (0) and any invaid value gives 1. If the FAT type is exFAT, this member has no effect.</dd>
 <dt>UINT align</dt>
 <dd>Specifies alignment of the volume data area (file allocation pool, usually erase block boundary of flash memory media) <em>in unit of sector</em>. The valid value for this member is between 1 and 32768 inclusive in power of 2. If a zero (the default value) or any invalid value is given, the function obtains the block size from lower layer with <tt>disk_ioctl</tt> function.</dd>
 <dt>UINT n_root</dt>
 <dd>Specifies number of root directory entries on the FAT volume. Valid value for this member is up to 32768 and aligned to sector size / 32. The default value (0) and any invaid value gives 512. If the FAT type is FAT32 or exFAT, this member has no effect.</dd>
 <dt>DWORD au_size</dt>
 <dd>Specifies size of the cluster (allocation unit) <em>in unit of byte</em>. The valid value for this member is between sector size and 128 * sector size inclusive in power of 2 for FAT/FAT32 volume and up to 16 MB in power of 2 for exFAT volume. If a zero (default value) or any invalid value is given, the function uses a default cluster size depends on the volume size.</dd>
 </dl>
 <dt>work</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the working buffer used for the format process. If a null pointer is given with <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a> == 3</tt>, the function obtains a memory block for the working buffer in this function.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the working buffer used for the format process. If a null pointer is given with <tt><a href="config.html#use_lfn">FF_USE_LFN</a> == 3</tt>, the function uses a <tt>len</tt> bytes of heap memory in this function.</dd>
 <dt>len</dt>
-<dd>Size of the working buffer in unit of byte. It needs to be <tt>FF_MAX_SS</tt> at least. Plenty of working buffer reduces number of write transactions to the drive and the format process will finish quickly.</dd>
+<dd>Size of the working buffer in unit of byte. It needs to be <tt>FF_MAX_SS</tt> at least. Plenty of working buffer reduces number of write transactions to the drive, thus the format process will finish quickly.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -68,9 +66,9 @@ FRESULT f_mkfs (
 <h4>Description</h4>
 <p>The FAT sub-type, FAT12/FAT16/FAT32, of FAT volume except exFAT is determined by only number of clusters on the volume and nothing else, according to the FAT specification issued by Microsoft. Thus the FAT sub-type of created volume depends on the volume size and the cluster size. In case of the combination of FAT type and cluter size specified by argument is not valid for the volume size, the function will fail with <tt>FR_MKFS_ABORTED</tt>.</p>
 <p>The allocation unit, also known as <em>cluster</em>, is a unit of disk space allocation for files. When the size of allocation unit is 32768 bytes, a file with 100 bytes in size occupies 32768 bytes of disk space. The space efficiency of disk usage gets worse as increasing size of allocation unit, but, on the other hand, the read/write performance increases. Therefore the size of allocation unit is a trade-off between space efficiency and performance. For the large volumes in GB order, 32768 bytes or larger, automatically selected by default, is recommended for most case unless extremely many small files are created in the volume.</p>
-<p>When the logical drive to be formatted is associated with a physical drive (<tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION</a> = 0</tt>) and <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is not specified, a partition occupies entire disk space is created and then the FAT volume is created in the partition. When <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is specified, the FAT volume is created without any disk partitioning.</p>
+<p>When the logical drive to be formatted is associated with a physical drive (<tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION</a> == 0</tt> or <tt>VolToPart[].pt == 0</tt>) and <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is not specified, a partition occupies entire drive space is created and then the FAT volume is created in the partition. When <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is specified, the FAT volume is created without any disk partitioning.</p>
-<p>When the logical drive to be formatted is associated with a specific partition by multiple partition feature (<tt>FF_MULTI_PARTITION = 1</tt>), the FAT volume is created in the partition of the drive specified by <a href="filename.html#vol">volume mapping table</a> and <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is ignored. The hosting physical drive needs to be partitioned with <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function or any partitioning tool prior to create the FAT volume with this function.</p>
+<p>When the logical drive to be formatted is associated with a specific partition by multiple partition feature (<tt>FF_MULTI_PARTITION == 1</tt> and <tt>VolToPart[].pt &gt; 0</tt>), the FAT volume is created in the partition of the physical drive specified by <a href="filename.html#vol">volume mapping table</a> and <tt>FM_SFD</tt> flag is ignored. The hosting physical drive needs to be partitioned with <tt>f_fdisk</tt> function or some partitioning tool prior to create the FAT volume with this function. If the partition is not exist, the function fails with <tt>FR_MKFS_ABORTED</tt>.</p>
-<p>There are three standard disk partitioning formats, MBR, GPT and SFD. The MBR format, also known as FDISK format, is usually used for harddisk, memory card and U disk. It can divide a physical drive into one or more partitions with a partition table. The GPT (GUID Partition Table) is a newly defined patitioning format for large storage devices. FatFs suppors the GPT only when 64-bit LBA is enabled. The SFD (Super-Floppy Disk) is non-partitioned disk format. The FAT volume starts at LBA 0 and occupies the entire physical drive without any disk partitioning. It is usually used for floppy disk, optical disk and most super-floppy media. Some combination of systems and media support only either partitioned format or non-partitioned format and the other is not supported.</p>
+<p>There are three standard disk partitioning formats, MBR, GPT and SFD. The MBR format, also known as FDISK format, is usually used for harddisk, memory card and U disk. It can divide a physical drive into one or more partitions with a partition table. The GPT, GUID Partition Table, is a newly defined patitioning format for large storage devices. FatFs suppors the GPT only when 64-bit LBA is enabled. The SFD, Super-Floppy Disk, is non-partitioned disk format. The FAT volume is located at LBA 0 and occupies the entire physical drive without any disk partitioning. It is usually used for floppy disk, optical disk and most super-floppy media. Some combination of systems and media support only either partitioned format or non-partitioned format and the other is not supported.</p>
 <p>Some systems manage the partitions in the on-board storage in non-standard format. The partitions are mapped as physical drives identified by <tt class="arg">pdrv</tt> in <tt>disk_*</tt> functions. For such systems, SFD format is suitable to create the FAT volume in the partition.</p>
 </div>
@@ -97,21 +95,21 @@ int main (void)
    if (res) ...
    <span class="c">/* Give a work area to the default drive */</span>
-    f_mount(&amp;fs, "", 0);
+    <em>f_mount</em>(&amp;fs, "", 0);
    <span class="c">/* Create a file as new */</span>
-    res = f_open(&amp;fil, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE);
+    res = <em>f_open</em>(&amp;fil, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE);
    if (res) ...
    <span class="c">/* Write a message */</span>
-    f_write(&amp;fil, "Hello, World!\r\n", 15, &amp;bw);
+    <em>f_write</em>(&amp;fil, "Hello, World!\r\n", 15, &amp;bw);
    if (bw != 15) ...
    <span class="c">/* Close the file */</span>
-    f_close(&amp;fil);
+    <em>f_close</em>(&amp;fil);
    <span class="c">/* Unregister work area */</span>
-    f_mount(0, "", 0);
+    <em>f_mount</em>(0, "", 0);
    ...
 </pre>
@@ -122,6 +120,7 @@ int main (void)
 <p><a href="../res/mkfs.xlsx">Example of volume size and format parameters</a>, <a href="filename.html#vol">Volume management</a>, <tt><a href="fdisk.html">f_fdisk</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/mount.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_mount</title>
 </head>
@@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ int main (void)
    ...
-    <em>f_mount</em>(0, "", 0);                     <span class="c">/* Unmount the default drive */</span>
+    <em>f_unmount</em>("");                 <span class="c">/* Unmount the default drive */</span>
    free(fs);                      <span class="c">/* Here the work area can be discarded */</span>
    ...
@@ -117,6 +115,7 @@ int main (void)
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a></tt>, <tt><a href="sfatfs.html">FATFS</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/open.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_open</title>
 </head>
@@ -27,19 +25,19 @@ FRESULT f_open (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the blank file object structure.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the blank file object structure. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">file name</a> to open or create.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">file name</a> to open or create. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>mode</dt>
 <dd>Mode flags that specifies the type of access and open method for the file. It is specified by a combination of following flags.<br>
 <table class="lst">
 <tr><th>Flags</th><th>Meaning</th></tr>
 <tr><td>FA_READ</td><td>Specifies read access to the file. Data can be read from the file.</tr>
 <tr><td>FA_WRITE</td><td>Specifies write access to the file. Data can be written to the file. Combine with <tt>FA_READ</tt> for read-write access.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>FA_OPEN_EXISTING</td><td>Opens a file. The function fails if the file is not existing. (Default)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FA_OPEN_EXISTING</td><td>Opens the file. The function fails if the file is not existing. (Default)</td></tr>
-<tr><td>FA_CREATE_NEW</td><td>Creates a new file. The function fails with <tt>FR_EXIST</tt> if the file is existing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FA_CREATE_ALWAYS</td><td>Creates a new file. If the file is existing, the file is truncated and overwritten.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>FA_CREATE_ALWAYS</td><td>Creates a new file. If the file is existing, it will be truncated and overwritten.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FA_CREATE_NEW</td><td>Creates a new file. The function fails if the file is existing.</td></tr>
-<tr><td>FA_OPEN_ALWAYS</td><td>Opens the file if it is existing. If not, a new file will be created.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FA_OPEN_ALWAYS</td><td>Opens the file. If it is not exist, a new file is created.</td></tr>
 <tr><td>FA_OPEN_APPEND</td><td>Same as <tt>FA_OPEN_ALWAYS</tt> except the read/write pointer is set end of the file.</td></tr>
 </table>
 Mode flags in POSIX fopen() function corresponds to FatFs mode flags as follows:<br>
@@ -86,7 +84,8 @@ Mode flags in POSIX fopen() function corresponds to FatFs mode flags as follows:
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The <tt>f_open</tt> function opens a file and creates a <em>file object</em>. The file object is used for subsequent read/write operations to the file to identify the file. Open file should be closed with <a href="close.html"><tt>f_close</tt></a> function after the session of the file access. If any change to the file is made and not closed prior to power down, media removal or re-mount, or the file can be collapsed.</p>
+<p>The <tt>f_open</tt> function opens a file and creates a <em>file object</em>. It is the identifier for subsequent read/write operations to the file. After the function succeeded, the file object is valid. If the function failed, the file object is set invalid.</p>
 <p>Open file should be closed with <a href="close.html"><tt>f_close</tt></a> function after the session of the file access. If any change to the file has been made and not closed prior to power off, media removal or re-mount, or the file can be collapsed.</p>
 <p>If duplicated file open is needed, read <a href="appnote.html#dup">here</a> carefully. However duplicated open of a file with any write mode flag is always prohibited.</p>
 </div>
@@ -111,20 +110,20 @@ int main (void)
    FRESULT fr;     <span class="c">/* FatFs return code */</span>
-    <span class="c">/* Gives a work area to the default drive */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Give a work area to the default drive */</span>
-    f_mount(&amp;FatFs, "", 0);
+    <em>f_mount</em>(&amp;FatFs, "", 0);
    <span class="c">/* Open a text file */</span>
    fr = <em>f_open</em>(&amp;fil, "message.txt", FA_READ);
    if (fr) return (int)fr;
    <span class="c">/* Read every line and display it */</span>
-    while (f_gets(line, sizeof line, &amp;fil)) {
+    while (<em>f_gets</em>(line, sizeof line, &amp;fil)) {
        printf(line);
    }
    <span class="c">/* Close the file */</span>
-    f_close(&amp;fil);
+    <em>f_close</em>(&amp;fil);
    return 0;
 }
@@ -141,9 +140,9 @@ int main (void)
    UINT br, bw;         <span class="c">/* File read/write count */</span>
-    <span class="c">/* Gives work area to each logical drive */</span>
+    <span class="c">/* Give work areas to each logical drive */</span>
-    f_mount(&amp;fs0, "0:", 0);
+    <em>f_mount</em>(&amp;fs0, "0:", 0);
-    f_mount(&amp;fs1, "1:", 0);
+    <em>f_mount</em>(&amp;fs1, "1:", 0);
    <span class="c">/* Open source file on the drive 1 */</span>
    fr = <em>f_open</em>(&amp;fsrc, "1:file.bin", FA_READ);
@@ -155,19 +154,19 @@ int main (void)
    <span class="c">/* Copy source to destination */</span>
    for (;;) {
-        f_read(&amp;fsrc, buffer, sizeof buffer, &amp;br);  <span class="c">/* Read a chunk of data from the source file */</span>
+        fr = <em>f_read</em>(&amp;fsrc, buffer, sizeof buffer, &amp;br); <span class="c">/* Read a chunk of data from the source file */</span>
        if (br == 0) break; <span class="c">/* error or eof */</span>
-        f_write(&amp;fdst, buffer, br, &amp;bw);            <span class="c">/* Write it to the destination file */</span>
+        fr = <em>f_write</em>(&amp;fdst, buffer, br, &amp;bw);           <span class="c">/* Write it to the destination file */</span>
        if (bw &lt; br) break; <span class="c">/* error or disk full */</span>
    }
    <span class="c">/* Close open files */</span>
-    f_close(&amp;fsrc);
+    <em>f_close</em>(&amp;fsrc);
-    f_close(&amp;fdst);
+    <em>f_close</em>(&amp;fdst);
    <span class="c">/* Unregister work area prior to discard it */</span>
-    f_unmount("0:");
+    <em>f_unmount</em>("0:");
-    f_unmount("1:");
+    <em>f_unmount</em>("1:");
    return (int)fr;
 }
@@ -180,6 +179,7 @@ int main (void)
 <p><tt><a href="read.html">f_read</a>, <a href="write.html">f_write</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a>, <a href="sfatfs.html">FATFS</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/opendir.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_opendir</title>
 </head>
@@ -26,9 +24,9 @@ FRESULT f_opendir (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>dp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the blank directory object to create a new one.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the blank directory object to create a new one. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">directory name</a> to be opened.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">directory name</a> to be opened. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -70,6 +68,7 @@ FRESULT f_opendir (
 <p><tt><a href="readdir.html">f_readdir</a>, <a href="closedir.html">f_closedir</a>, <a href="sdir.html">DIR</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/printf.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_printf</title>
 </head>
@@ -50,26 +48,27 @@ int f_printf (
    %[flag][width][precision][size]type
 </pre>
 <dl>
-<dt>flag</dt><dd>Padding options. A <tt>-</tt> specifies left-aligned. A <tt>0</tt> specifies zero padded. The default setting is in right-aligned and space padded.</dd>
+<dt>flag</dt><dd>Padding option. A <tt>-</tt> specifies left-aligned. A <tt>0</tt> specifies zero padded. The default setting is in right-aligned and space padded.</dd>
-<dt>width</dt><dd>Minimum width of the field, <tt>1-99</tt> or <tt>*</tt>. If the width of generated string is less than the specified value, rest field is padded with spaces or zeros. An <tt>*</tt> specifies the value comes from an argument in int type.</dd>
+<dt>width</dt><dd>Minimum width of the field, <tt>1-99</tt> or <tt>*</tt>. If the width of generated string is less than the minimum width, rest field is padded with spaces or zeros. An <tt>*</tt> specifies the value comes from an argument in int type. The default setting is zero.</dd>
-<dt>precision</dt><dd>Specifies number of fractional digits or maximum width of string, <tt>.0-.99</tt> or <tt>.*</tt>. If number is omitted, it will be same as <tt>.0</tt>. Default setting is 6 for number and no limit for string.</dd>
+<dt>precision</dt><dd>Specifies number of fractional digits or maximum width of string, <tt>.0-.99</tt> or <tt>.*</tt>. If the number is omitted, it is same as <tt>.0</tt>. Default setting is 6 for number and no limit for string.</dd>
-<dt>size</dt><dd>Specifies size of integer argument, <tt>l</tt>(long) and <tt>ll</tt>(long long). If <tt>sizeof (long) == sizeof (int)</tt> is true (this is typical of 32-bit systems), prefix <tt>l</tt> can be omitted for long integer argument. The default size is int for integer arrument and floating point argument is always assumed double.</dd>
+<dt>size</dt><dd>Specifies size of integer argument, <tt>l</tt>(long) and <tt>ll</tt>(long long). If <tt>sizeof (long) == sizeof (int)</tt> is true (this is typical of 32-bit systems), prefix <tt>l</tt> can be omitted for long integer argument. The default size is int for integer argument and floating point argument is always assumed double as the default argument promotion.</dd>
 <dt>type</dt><dd>Specifies type of the output format and the argument as shown below. The length of generated string is in assumtion of int is 32-bit.
 <table class="lst1">
 <tr><th>Type</th><th>Format</th><th>Argument</th><th>Length</th></tr>
-<tr><td><tt>c</tt></td><td>Character</td><td rowspan="6"><tt>int</tt>,<br><tt>long</tt>,<br><tt>long long</tt></td><td>1 character.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><tt>c</tt></td><td>Character</td><td rowspan="6"><tt>int</tt>,<br><tt>long</tt>,<br><tt>long&nbsp;long</tt></td><td>1 character.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>d</tt></td><td>Signed&nbsp;decimal</td><td>1 to 11 (20 for ll) characters.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>u</tt></td><td>Unsigned&nbsp;decimal</td><td>1 to 10 (20 for ll) characters.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>o</tt></td><td>Unsigned&nbsp;octal</td><td>1 to 11 (22 for ll) characters.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>x X</tt></td><td>Unsigned&nbsp;hexdecimal</td><td>1 to 8 (16 for ll) characters.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>b</tt></td><td>Unsigned&nbsp;binary</td><td>1 to 32 characters. Limited to lower 32 digits when ll is specified.</td></tr>
-<tr><td><tt>s</tt></td><td>String</td><td><tt>TCHAR*</tt></td><td>As input string. Null pointer generates a null string.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><tt>s</tt></td><td>String</td><td><tt>TCHAR*</tt></td><td>As input string. A null pointer generates a zero-length string.</td></tr>
-<tr><td><tt>f</tt></td><td>Floating point<br>(decimal)</td><td rowspan="2"><tt>double</tt></td><td>1 to 31 characters. If the number of characters exceeds 31, it writes <tt>"±OV"</tt>. Not a number and infinite write <tt>"NaN"</tt> and <tt>"±INF"</tt>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><tt>f</tt></td><td>Floating point<br>(decimal)</td><td rowspan="2"><tt>double</tt></td><td>1 to 31 characters. If the number of characters exceeds 31, it writes <tt>"±OV"</tt>. Not a number and infinite value write <tt>"NaN"</tt> and <tt>"±INF"</tt> respectively.</td></tr>
 <tr><td><tt>e E</tt></td><td>Floating point<br>(e notation)</td><td>4 to 31 characters. If the number of characters exceeds 31 or exponent exceeds +99, it writes <tt>"±OV"</tt>.</td></tr>
 </table>
 </dd>
 </dl>
-<p>When FatFs is configured for Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> &gt;= 1</tt>), character encoding on the string fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt> function, is also switched to Unicode. The Unicode characters in multiple encoding unit, such as surrogate pair and multi-byte sequence, should not be divided into two function calls, or the character will be lost. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be written via this function is selected by <tt><a href="config.html#strf_encode">FF_STRF_ENCODE</a></tt>. The characters with wrong encoding or invalid for the output encoding will be lost.</p>
+<p>When FatFs is configured for Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> &gt;= 1</tt>), character encoding on the string fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt> function, is also switched to Unicode. The Unicode characters in multiple encoding unit, such as surrogate pair and multi-byte sequence, should not be divided into two function calls, or the character will be lost. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be written via this function is selected by <tt><a href="config.html#strf_encode">FF_STRF_ENCODE</a></tt>. If the character encoding differs between file data and API, it is converted in this function. Input characters with wrong encoding for output will be lost.</p>
 <p>If <tt>sprintf</tt> is used in the project and code conversion is not needed, <tt>f_write</tt> with <tt>sprintf</tt> will be efficient in code size and performance rather than <tt>f_printf</tt>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -82,24 +81,24 @@ int f_printf (
 <div class="para use">
 <h4>Example</h4>
 <pre>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%d", 1234);             <span class="c">/* "1234" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%d", 1234);             <span class="c">/* "1234" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%6d,%3d%%", -200, 5);   <span class="c">/* "  -200,  5%" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%6d,%3d%%", -200, 5);   <span class="c">/* "  -200,  5%" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%-6u", 100);            <span class="c">/* "100   " */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%-6u", 100);            <span class="c">/* "100   " */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%ld", 12345678);        <span class="c">/* "12345678" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%ld", 12345678);        <span class="c">/* "12345678" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%llu", 0x100000000);    <span class="c">/* "4294967296"   (<a href="config.html#print_lli">FF_PRINT_LLI</a>) */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%llu", 0x100000000);    <span class="c">/* "4294967296"   (<a href="config.html#print_lli">FF_PRINT_LLI</a>) */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%lld", -1LL);           <span class="c">/* "-1"           (FF_PRINT_LLI) */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%lld", -1LL);           <span class="c">/* "-1"           (FF_PRINT_LLI) */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%04x", 0xA3);           <span class="c">/* "00a3" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%04x", 0xA3);           <span class="c">/* "00a3" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%08lX", 0x123ABC);      <span class="c">/* "00123ABC" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%08lX", 0x123ABC);      <span class="c">/* "00123ABC" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%016b", 0x550F);        <span class="c">/* "0101010100001111" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%016b", 0x550F);        <span class="c">/* "0101010100001111" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%*d", 6, 100);          <span class="c">/* "   100" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%*d", 6, 100);          <span class="c">/* "   100" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%s", "abcdefg");        <span class="c">/* "abcdefg" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%s", "abcdefg");        <span class="c">/* "abcdefg" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%5s", "abc");           <span class="c">/* "  abc" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%5s", "abc");           <span class="c">/* "  abc" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%-5s", "abc");          <span class="c">/* "abc  " */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%-5s", "abc");          <span class="c">/* "abc  " */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%.5s", "abcdefg");      <span class="c">/* "abcde" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%.5s", "abcdefg");      <span class="c">/* "abcde" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%-5.2s", "abcdefg");    <span class="c">/* "ab   " */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%-5.2s", "abcdefg");    <span class="c">/* "ab   " */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%c", 'a');              <span class="c">/* "a" */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%c", 'a');              <span class="c">/* "a" */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%12f", 10.0);           <span class="c">/* "   10.000000" (<a href="config.html#print_fp">FF_PRINT_FLOAT</a>) */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%12f", 10.0);           <span class="c">/* "   10.000000" (<a href="config.html#print_fp">FF_PRINT_FLOAT</a>) */</span>
-    <em>f_printf</em>("%.4E", 123.45678);      <span class="c">/* "1.2346E+02"   (FF_PRINT_FLOAT) */</span>
+    <em>f_printf</em>(fp, "%.4E", 123.45678);      <span class="c">/* "1.2346E+02"   (FF_PRINT_FLOAT) */</span>
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -109,6 +108,7 @@ int f_printf (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="putc.html">f_putc</a>, <a href="puts.html">f_puts</a>, <a href="gets.html">f_gets</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/putc.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_putc</title>
 </head>
@@ -55,6 +53,7 @@ int f_putc (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="puts.html">f_puts</a>, <a href="printf.html">f_printf</a>, <a href="gets.html">f_gets</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/puts.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_puts</title>
 </head>
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ int f_puts (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>When FatFs is configured for Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> &gt;= 1</tt>), character encoding on the string fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt> function, is also switched to Unicode. The input Unicode characters in multiple encoding unit, such as surrogate pair and multi-byte sequence, should not be divided into two function calls, or the character will be lost. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be written via this functions is selected by <tt><a href="config.html#strf_encode">FF_STRF_ENCODE</a></tt>. The characters with wrong encoding or invalid for the output encoding will be lost.</p>
+<p>When FatFs is configured for Unicode API (<tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> &gt;= 1</tt>), character encoding on the string fuctions, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt>, <tt>f_printf</tt> and <tt>f_gets</tt> function, is also switched to Unicode. The input Unicode characters in multiple encoding unit, such as surrogate pair and multi-byte sequence, should not be divided into two function calls, or the character will be lost. The character encoding <em>on the file</em> to be written via this functions is selected by <tt><a href="config.html#strf_encode">FF_STRF_ENCODE</a></tt>. If the character encoding differs between file data and API, it is converted in this function. Input characters with wrong encoding for output will be lost.</p>
 </div>
@@ -56,6 +54,7 @@ int f_puts (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="putc.html">f_putc</a>, <a href="printf.html">f_printf</a>, <a href="gets.html">f_gets</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/rc.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - API Return Code</title>
 </head>
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <dd>Could not find the path. A directory in the path name could not be found.</dd>
 <dt id="in">FR_INVALID_NAME</dt>
-<dd>The given string is invalid as the <a href="filename.html">path name</a>. One of the following possibilities is suspected.
+<dd>The given string is invalid as a <a href="filename.html">path name</a>. One of the following possibilities is suspected.
 <ul>
 <li>There is a character not allowed for the file name.</li>
 <li>The file name is out of 8.3 format. (at non-LFN cfg.)</li>
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <li>Deleting the non-empty directory or current directory. (f_unlink)</li>
 <li>Reading the file opened without <tt>FA_READ</tt> flag. (f_read)</li>
 <li>Any modification to the file opened without <tt>FA_WRITE</tt> flag. (f_write, f_truncate, f_expand)</li>
-<li>Could not create the object due to root directory full or disk full. (f_open, f_mkfs)</li>
+<li>Could not create the object due to root directory full or disk full. (f_open, f_mkdir)</li>
-<li>Could not allocate a contiguous area to the file. (f_expand)</li>
+<li>Could not find a contiguous area for the file. (f_expand)</li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
@@ -75,10 +73,10 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <dd>Name collision. An object with the same name is already existing in the directory.</dd>
 <dt id="io">FR_INVALID_OBJECT</dt>
-<dd>The file/directory object is invalid or a null pointer is given. There are some reasons as follows:
+<dd>The file/directory object is invalid or the pointer is null. There are some reasons as follows:
 <ul>
-<li>It has been closed, or the structure has been collapsed.</li>
+<li>The file/directory has been closed.</li>
-<li>It has been invalidated. Open objects on the volume are invalidated by voulme mount process.</li>
+<li>The file/directory object has been invalidated or the structure has been collapsed. Open objects on the volume will be invalidated by a voulme mount process.</li>
 <li>Physical drive is not ready to work due to a media removal.</li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
@@ -93,8 +91,9 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <dd>Work area for the logical drive has not been registered by <tt>f_mount</tt> function.</dd>
 <dt id="ns">FR_NO_FILESYSTEM</dt>
-<dd>No valid FAT volume could not be found in the drive. One of the following possibilities is suspected.
+<dd>Valid FAT volume could not be found in the drive. One of the following possibilities is suspected.
 <ul>
 <li>The FAT volume on the drive is collapsed.</li>
 <li>Wrong lower layer implementation.</li>
 <li>Wrong <tt>VolToPart[]</tt> settings. (<tt>FF_MULTI_PARTITION = 1</tt>)</li>
 </ul></dd>
@@ -102,9 +101,9 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <dt id="ma">FR_MKFS_ABORTED</dt>
 <dd>The <tt>f_mkfs</tt> function aborted before start in format due to a reason as follows:
 <ul>
-<li>It is impossible to format with the given parameters.</li>
+<li>It is impossible to create the volume with the given conditions.</li>
-<li>The size of volume is too small. 128 sectors minimum with <tt>FM_SFD</tt> option.</li>
+<li>The size of the volume is too small. 128 sectors minimum with <tt>FM_SFD</tt> option.</li>
-<li>The partition bound to the logical drive coulud not be found. (Related option: <tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION</a></tt>)</li>
+<li>The partition associated with the logical drive is not exist. (Related option: <tt><a href="config.html#multi_partition">FF_MULTI_PARTITION</a></tt>)</li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
@@ -129,6 +128,7 @@ Note that if once this error occured in the operation to an open file, the file
 <dd>The given parameter is invalid or there is an inconsistent for the volume.</dd>
 </dl>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/read.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_read</title>
 </head>
@@ -28,13 +26,13 @@ FRESULT f_read (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object structure. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>buff</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the buffer to store the read data.</dd>
 <dt>btr</dt>
-<dd>Number of bytes to read in range of <tt>UINT</tt> type.</dd>
+<dd>Number of bytes to read in range of <tt>UINT</tt> type. If the file needs to be read fast, it should be read in large chunk as possible.</dd>
 <dt>br</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the <tt>UINT</tt> variable that receives number of bytes read. This value is always valid after the function call regardless of the function return code. If the return value is equal to <tt class="arg">btr</tt>, the function return code should be <tt>FR_OK</tt>.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the variable in <tt>UINT</tt> type that receives number of bytes read. This value is always valid after the function call regardless of the function return code. If the return value is equal to <tt class="arg">btr</tt>, the function return code should be <tt>FR_OK</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ FRESULT f_read (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The function starts to read data from the file at the file offset pointed by read/write pointer. The read/write pointer advances as number of bytes read. After the function succeeded, <tt class="arg">*br</tt> should be checked to detect end of the file. In case of <tt class="arg">*br</tt> &lt; <tt class="arg">btr</tt>, it means the read/write pointer reached end of the file during read operation.</p>
+<p>The function starts to read data from the file at the file offset pointed by read/write pointer of the file object. The read/write pointer advances as number of bytes read. After the function succeeded, <tt class="arg">*br</tt> should be checked to detect end of the file. In case of <tt class="arg">*br</tt> &lt; <tt class="arg">btr</tt>, it means the read/write pointer hit end of the file during read operation.</p>
 </div>
@@ -75,6 +73,7 @@ FRESULT f_read (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="gets.html">fgets</a>, <a href="write.html">f_write</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/readdir.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_readdir</title>
 </head>
@@ -53,19 +51,19 @@ FRESULT f_rewinddir (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The <tt>f_readdir</tt> function reads a directory item, informations about the object. Items in the directory can be read in sequence by <tt>f_readdir</tt> function calls. When all items in the directory have been read and no item to read, a null string is stored into the <tt>fno-&gt;fname[]</tt> without any error. When a null pointer is given to the <tt class="arg">fno</tt>, the read index of the directory object is rewinded. The <tt>f_rewinddir</tt> function is implemented as a macro.</p>
+<p>The <tt>f_readdir</tt> function reads a directory item, informations about the object, from the open directory. Items in the directory can be read by <tt>f_readdir</tt> function calls in order of the directory table. When all items in the directory have been read and no item to read any more, a null string in <tt>fno-&gt;fname[]</tt> will be returned without an error. If a null pointer is given to the <tt class="arg">fno</tt>, the read index of the directory object will be rewound. The <tt>f_rewinddir</tt> function is implemented as a macro.</p>
 <pre>
 #define <em>f_rewinddir</em>(dp) f_readdir((dp), 0)
 </pre>
-<p>When LFN is enabled, a member <tt>altname[]</tt> is defined in the file information structure to store the short file name of the object. If the long file name is not accessible due to some reason listed below, short file name is stored to the <tt>fname[]</tt> and <tt>altname[]</tt> has a null string.</p>
+<p>When LFN is enabled, a member <tt>altname[]</tt> is defined in the file information structure to store the short file name of the object. If the long file name is not accessible due to any reason listed below, short file name is stored to the <tt>fname[]</tt> and the <tt>altname[]</tt> has a null string.</p>
 <ul>
-<li>The item has no LFN. (Not the case in exFAT volume)</li>
+<li>The item has no LFN. (Not the case on the exFAT volume)</li>
-<li><a href="config.html#max_lfn"><tt>FF_MAX_LFN</tt></a> is insufficient to handle the LFN. (Not the case in <tt>FF_MAX_LFN == 255</tt>)</li>
+<li><a href="config.html#max_lfn"><tt>FF_MAX_LFN</tt></a> is insufficient to handle the LFN. (Not the case when <tt>FF_MAX_LFN == 255</tt>)</li>
-<li><a href="config.html#lfn_buf"><tt>FF_LFN_BUF</tt></a> is insufficient to output the LFN.</li>
+<li><a href="config.html#lfn_buf"><tt>FF_LFN_BUF</tt></a> is insufficient to store the LFN.</li>
-<li>The LFN contains some character not defined in current CP. (Not the case in <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE != 0</tt>)</li>
+<li>The LFN contains some character not defined in current CP. (Not the case when <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE != 0</tt>)</li>
 </ul>
-<p>There is a problem on read a directory of exFAT volume. The exFAT does not support short file name. This means no name can be returned on the condition above. If it is the case, "?" is returned as the file name to indicate that the object is not accessible. To avoid this problem, configure FatFs <tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> != 0</tt> and <tt>FF_MAX_LFN == 255</tt> to support the full feature of LFN specification.</p>
+<p>There is an issue on read the directories on the exFAT volume. The exFAT does not support short file name. This means no name can be returned on the condition above. If it is the case, "?" is returned as the file name to indicate that the object is not accessible. To avoid this problem, configure FatFs <tt><a href="config.html#lfn_unicode">FF_LFN_UNICODE</a> != 0</tt> and <tt>FF_MAX_LFN == 255</tt> to support the full feature of LFN specification.</p>
-<p>Dot entries (<tt>"."</tt> and <tt>".."</tt>) in the sub-directory of FAT volume are filtered out and they will never appear in the read items because exFAT lacks dot entries in the sub-directory.</p>
+<p>Dot entries (<tt>"."</tt> and <tt>".."</tt>) in the sub-directory of FAT volume are filtered out and they will never appear in the read items because of the consistency with exFAT which lacks dot entries in the sub-directory.</p>
 </div>
@@ -78,6 +76,41 @@ FRESULT f_rewinddir (
 <div class="para use">
 <h4>Sample Code</h4>
 <pre>
 <span class="c">/* List contents of a directory */</span>
 FRESULT list_dir (const char *path)
 {
    FRESULT res;
    DIR dir;
    FILINFO fno;
    int nfile, ndir;
    res = <em>f_opendir</em>(&amp;dir, path);                       <span class="c">/* Open the directory */</span>
    if (res == FR_OK) {
        nfile = ndir = 0;
        for (;;) {
            res = <em>f_readdir</em>(&amp;dir, &amp;fno);                   <span class="c">/* Read a directory item */</span>
            if (res != FR_OK || fno.fname[0] == 0) break;  <span class="c">/* Error or end of dir */</span>
            if (fno.fattrib &amp; AM_DIR) {            <span class="c">/* Directory */</span>
                printf("   &lt;DIR&gt;   %s\n", fno.fname);
                ndir++;
            } else {                               <span class="c">/* File */</span>
                printf("%10u %s\n", fno.fsize, fno.fname);
                nfile++;
            }
        }
        <em>f_closedir</em>(&amp;dir);
        printf("%d dirs, %d files.\n", ndir, nfile);
    } else {
        printf("Failed to open \"%s\". (%u)\n", path, res);
    }
    return res;
 }
 </pre>
 <pre>
 <span class="c">/* Recursive scan of all items in the directory */</span>
 FRESULT scan_files (
    char* path        <span class="c">/* Start node to be scanned (***also used as work area***) */</span>
 )
@@ -88,7 +121,7 @@ FRESULT scan_files (
    static FILINFO fno;
-    res = f_opendir(&amp;dir, path);                       <span class="c">/* Open the directory */</span>
+    res = <em>f_opendir</em>(&amp;dir, path);                       <span class="c">/* Open the directory */</span>
    if (res == FR_OK) {
        for (;;) {
            res = <em>f_readdir</em>(&amp;dir, &amp;fno);                   <span class="c">/* Read a directory item */</span>
@@ -103,7 +136,7 @@ FRESULT scan_files (
                printf("%s/%s\n", path, fno.fname);
            }
        }
-        f_closedir(&amp;dir);
+        <em>f_closedir</em>(&amp;dir);
    }
    return res;
@@ -117,7 +150,7 @@ int main (void)
    char buff[256];
-    res = f_mount(&amp;fs, "", 1);
+    res = <em>f_mount</em>(&amp;fs, "", 1);
    if (res == FR_OK) {
        strcpy(buff, "/");
        res = scan_files(buff);
@@ -134,6 +167,7 @@ int main (void)
 <p><tt><a href="opendir.html">f_opendir</a>, <a href="closedir.html">f_closedir</a>, <a href="stat.html">f_stat</a>, <a href="sfileinfo.html">FILINFO</a>, <a href="sdir.html">DIR</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/rename.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_rename</title>
 </head>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/sdir.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - DIR</title>
 </head>
@@ -33,6 +31,7 @@
 </pre>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/getcwd.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_setcp</title>
 </head>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/setlabel.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_setlabel</title>
 </head>
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ FRESULT f_setlabel (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>label</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the volume label to be set.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the volume label to be set. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ FRESULT f_setlabel (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>When the string has a drive prefix, the volume label will be set to the volume specified by the drive prefix. Unix style volume ID cannot be used to specify the volume. If drive number is not specified, the volume label will be set to the default drive. If length of the given volume label is zero, the volume label on the volume will be removed. The format of the volume label is as shown below:</p>
+<p>When the string has a drive prefix, the volume label will be set to the volume specified by the drive prefix. If drive number is not specified, the volume label will be set to the default drive. If length of the given volume label is zero, the volume label on the volume will be removed. The format of the volume label is as shown below:</p>
 <ul>
 <li>Up to 11 bytes long as conversion of OEM code page at FAT volume.</li>
 <li>Up to 11 characters long at exFAT volume.</li>
@@ -77,6 +75,9 @@ FRESULT f_setlabel (
    <span class="c">/* Remove volume label of the drive 2 */</span>
    <em>f_setlabel</em>("2:");
    <span class="c">/* Set volume label in Unix style volume id */</span>
    <em>f_setlabel</em>("/tfcard/LOG DISK");
 </pre>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/sfatfs.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - FATFS</title>
 </head>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/sfile.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - FIL</title>
 </head>
@@ -38,6 +36,7 @@
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/sfileinfo.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - FILINFO</title>
 </head>
@@ -73,6 +71,7 @@
 <dd>Alternative object name is stored if available. This member is not available in non-LFN configuration.</dd>
 </dl>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/size.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_size</title>
 </head>
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ FSIZE_t f_size (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="lseek.html">f_lseek</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/stat.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_stat</title>
 </head>
@@ -26,9 +24,9 @@ FRESULT f_stat (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">object</a> to get its information. The object must not be the root direcotry.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">object</a> to get its information. The object must not be the root direcotry. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>fno</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the blank <tt>FILINFO</tt> structure to store the information of the object. Set null pointer if it is not needed.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the blank <tt>FILINFO</tt> structure to store the information of the object. Set null pointer if this information is not needed.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -54,7 +52,8 @@ FRESULT f_stat (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The <tt>f_stat</tt> function checks the existence of a file or sub-directory. If not exist, the function returns with <tt>FR_NO_FILE</tt>. If exist, the function returns with <tt>FR_OK</tt> and the informations about the object, size, timestamp and attribute, is stored to the file information structure. For details of the file information, refer to the <tt>FILINFO</tt> structure and <a href="readdir.html"><tt>f_readdir</tt></a> function.</p>
+<p>The <tt>f_stat</tt> function checks the existence of a file or sub-directory. If it is not exist, the function returns with <tt>FR_NO_FILE</tt>. If it is exist, the function returns with <tt>FR_OK</tt> and the informations about the object, size, timestamp and attribute, is stored to the file information structure. For details of the file information, refer to the <tt>FILINFO</tt> structure and <a href="readdir.html"><tt>f_readdir</tt></a> function.</p>
 <p>Note that the file information comes from the meta data in the directory. If the file has been opend and modified, the file will need to be synced or closed in order to obtain the latest file information. This function cannot be used to retrieve the long file name with the short file name.</p>
 </div>
@@ -69,16 +68,17 @@ FRESULT f_stat (
 <pre>
    FRESULT fr;
    FILINFO fno;
    const char *fname = "file.txt";
-    printf("Test for 'file.txt'...\n");
+    printf("Test for \"%s\"...\n", fname);
-    fr = f_stat("file.txt", &amp;fno);
+    fr = <em>f_stat</em>(fname, &amp;fno);
    switch (fr) {
    case FR_OK:
        printf("Size: %lu\n", fno.fsize);
-        printf("Timestamp: %u/%02u/%02u, %02u:%02u\n",
+        printf("Timestamp: %u-%02u-%02u, %02u:%02u\n",
               (fno.fdate &gt;&gt; 9) + 1980, fno.fdate &gt;&gt; 5 &amp; 15, fno.fdate &amp; 31,
               fno.ftime &gt;&gt; 11, fno.ftime &gt;&gt; 5 &amp; 63);
        printf("Attributes: %c%c%c%c%c\n",
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ FRESULT f_stat (
        break;
    case FR_NO_FILE:
-        printf("It is not exist.\n");
+    case FR_NO_PATH:
        printf("\"%s\" is not exist.\n", fname);
        break;
    default:
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ FRESULT f_stat (
 <p><tt><a href="opendir.html">f_opendir</a>, <a href="readdir.html">f_readdir</a>, <a href="sfileinfo.html">FILINFO</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/sync.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_sync</title>
 </head>
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ C - f_close()
 w - f_write()
 S - f_sync()
 </pre>
-<p>However there is no sense in <tt>f_sync</tt> function immediataly before <tt>f_close</tt> function because it performs <tt>f_sync</tt> function in it. In other words, the differnce between those functions is that the file object is invalidated or not.</p>
+<p>However there is no sense in <tt>f_sync</tt> function jsut before <tt>f_close</tt> function, because the <tt>f_close</tt> performs <tt>f_sync</tt> in it. Actually, the differnce between these functions is that the file object is invalidated or not.</p>
 </div>
@@ -83,6 +81,7 @@ S - f_sync()
 <p><tt><a href="close.html">f_close</a></tt>, <a href="appnote.html#critical">Critical section</a></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/tell.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_tell</title>
 </head>
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ FSIZE_t f_tell (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="lseek.html">f_lseek</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/truncate.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_truncate</title>
 </head>
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ FRESULT f_truncate (
 <h4>Parameter</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object to be truncated.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object to be truncated. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/unlink.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_unlink</title>
 </head>
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ FRESULT f_unlink (
 <h4>Parameter</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">file or sub-directory</a> to be removed.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the <a href="filename.html">file or sub-directory</a> to be removed. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/utime.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_utime</title>
 </head>
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ FRESULT f_utime (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>path</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies an <a href="filename.html">object</a> to be changed.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the null-terminated string that specifies an <a href="filename.html">object</a> to be changed. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_DRIVE</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>fno</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the file information structure that has a timestamp to be set in member fdate and ftime. Do not care any other members.</dd>
 </dl>
@@ -94,6 +92,7 @@ FRESULT set_timestamp (
 <p><tt><a href="stat.html">f_stat</a>, <a href="sfileinfo.html">FILINFO</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <link rel="up" title="FatFs" href="../00index_e.html">
 <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" title="Japanese" href="../ja/write.html">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - f_write</title>
 </head>
@@ -28,13 +26,13 @@ FRESULT f_write (
 <h4>Parameters</h4>
 <dl class="par">
 <dt>fp</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the open file object structure.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the open file object structure. If a null pointer is given, the function fails with <tt>FR_INVALID_OBJECT</tt>.</dd>
 <dt>buff</dt>
 <dd>Pointer to the data to be written.</dd>
 <dt>btw</dt>
-<dd>Specifies number of bytes to write in range of <tt>UINT</tt> type.</dd>
+<dd>Specifies number of bytes to write in range of <tt>UINT</tt> type. If the data needs to be written fast, it should be written in large chunk as possible.</dd>
 <dt>bw</dt>
-<dd>Pointer to the <tt>UINT</tt> variable that receives the number of bytes written. This value is always valid after the function call regardless of the function return code. If the return value is equal to <tt class="arg">btw</tt>, the function return code should be <tt>FR_OK</tt>.</dd>
+<dd>Pointer to the variable in <tt>UINT</tt> type that receives the number of bytes written. This value is always valid after the function call regardless of the function return code. If the return value is equal to <tt class="arg">btw</tt>, the function return code should be <tt>FR_OK</tt>.</dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ FRESULT f_write (
 <div class="para desc">
 <h4>Description</h4>
-<p>The function starts to write data to the file at the file offset pointed by read/write pointer. The read/write pointer advances as number of bytes written. After the function succeeded, <tt class="arg">*bw</tt> should be checked to detect the disk full. In case of <tt class="arg">*bw</tt> &lt; <tt class="arg">btw</tt>, it means the volume got full during the write operation. The function can take a time when the volume is full or close to full.</p>
+<p>The function starts to write data to the file at the file offset pointed by read/write pointer of the file object. The read/write pointer advances as number of bytes written. After the function succeeded, <tt class="arg">*bw</tt> should be checked to detect the disk full. In case of <tt class="arg">*bw</tt> &lt; <tt class="arg">btw</tt>, it means the volume got full during the write operation. The function can take a time when the volume is full or close to full.</p>
 </div>
@@ -75,6 +73,7 @@ FRESULT f_write (
 <p><tt><a href="open.html">f_open</a>, <a href="read.html">f_read</a>, <a href="putc.html">fputc</a>, <a href="puts.html">fputs</a>, <a href="printf.html">fprintf</a>, <a href="close.html">f_close</a>, <a href="sfile.html">FIL</a></tt></p>
 </div>
 <p class="foot"><a href="../00index_e.html">Return</a></p>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ FRESULT test_contiguous_file (
    *cont = 0;
-    fr = f_lseek(fp, 0);            /* Validates and prepares the file */
+    fr = f_rewind(fp);              /* Validates and prepares the file */
    if (fr != FR_OK) return fr;
 #if FF_MAX_SS == FF_MIN_SS
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
 <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
 <link rel="start" title="Site Top" href="../../">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="css_e.css" type="text/css" media="screen" title="ELM Default">
 <title>FatFs - Updates and Migration Notes</title>
 </head>
 <body style="max-width: none;">
 <h2>Updates and Migration Notes</h2>
 <table class="lst4">
 <tr><th>Revision</th><th>Updates</th><th>Migration Notes</th></tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.15<br>Nov 6, 2022</td>
 <td>
 Changed user provided synchronization functions in order to completely eliminate the platform dependency from FatFs code.<br>
 Fixed a potential error in <tt>f_mount</tt> when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT</tt>.<br>
 Fixed file lock control <tt>FF_FS_LOCK</tt> is not mutal excluded when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT && FF_VOLUMES &gt; 1</tt> is true.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> creates broken exFAT volume when the size of volume is <tt>&gt;= 2^32</tt> sectors.<br>
 Fixed string functions cannot write the unicode characters not in BMP when <tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE == 2</tt> (UTF-8).<br>
 Fixed a compatibility issue in identification of GPT header.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 User provided synchronization functions, <tt>ff_cre_syncobj</tt>, <tt>ff_del_syncobj</tt>, <tt>ff_req_grant</tt> and <tt>ff_rel_grant</tt>, needed when <tt>FF_FS_REENTRANT</tt> are replaced with <tt>ff_mutex_create</tt>, <tt>ff_mutex_delete</tt>, <tt>ff_mutex_take</tt> and <tt>ff_mutex_give</tt> respectively. For example, see <tt>ffsystem.c</tt>.<br>
 <tt>FF_SYNC_t</tt> is removed from the configuration options.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.14b<br>Apr 17, 2021</td>
 <td>
 Made FatFs uses standard library <tt>string.h</tt> for copy, compare and search instead of built-in string functions.<br>
 Added support for long long integer and floating point to <tt>f_printf</tt>. (<tt>FF_STRF_LLI</tt> and <tt>FF_STRF_FP</tt>)<br>
 Made path name parser ignores the terminating separator to allow <tt>"dir/"</tt>.<br>
 Improved the compatibility in Unix style path name feature.<br>
 Fixed the file gets dead-locked when <tt>f_open</tt> failed with certain conditions. (appeared at R0.12a)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> can create wrong exFAT volume due to a timing dependent error. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed code page 855 cannot be set by <tt>f_setcp</tt>. (appeared at R0.13)<br>
 Fixed some compiler warnings.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 From this revision, FatFs depends on <tt>string.h</tt>.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.14a<br>Dec 05, 2020</td>
 <td>
 Limited number of recursive calls in <tt>f_findnext</tt> to prevent stack overflow.<br>
 Fixed old floppy disks formatted with MS-DOS 2.x and 3.x cannot be mounted.<br>
 Fixed some compiler warnings.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 Number of wildcards in the matching pattern in <tt>f_findfirst</tt> is limited to 4.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.14<br>Oct 14, 2019</td>
 <td>
 Added support for 64-bit LBA and GUID partition table (<tt>FF_LBA64</tt>)<br>
 Changed some API functions, <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_open</tt> cannot find the file with file name in length of <tt>FF_MAX_LFN</tt> characters.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_readdir</tt> cannot retrieve long file names in length of <tt>FF_MAX_LFN - 1</tt> characters.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_readdir</tt> returns file names with wrong case conversion. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> can fail to create exFAT volume in the second partition. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 Usage of <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt> is changed and some features are added to these functions.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.13c<br>Oct 14, 2018</td>
 <td>
 Supported <tt>stdint.h</tt> for C99 and later. (<tt>integer.h</tt> was included in <tt>ff.h</tt>)<br>
 Fixed reading a directory gets infinite loop when the last directory entry is not empty. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed creating a sub-directory in the fragmented sub-directory on the exFAT volume collapses FAT chain of the parent directory. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_getcwd</tt> cause output buffer overrun when the buffer has a valid drive number. (appeared at R0.13b)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 From this revision, FatFs depends on <tt>stdint.h</tt> in C99 or later.<br>
 <tt>integer.h</tt> is removed.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.13b<br>Apr 07, 2018</td>
 <td>
 Added support for UTF-32 encoding on the API. (<tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE = 3</tt>)<br>
 Added support for Unix style volume prefix. (<tt>FF_STR_VOLUME_ID = 2</tt>)<br>
 Fixed accesing objects in the exFAT root directory beyond the cluster boundary can fail. (appeared at R0.12c)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_setlabel</tt> does not reject some invalid characters. (appeared at R0.09b)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.13a<br>Oct 14, 2017</td>
 <td>
 Added support for UTF-8 encoding on the API. (<tt>FF_LFN_UNICODE = 2</tt>)<br>
 Added options for file name output buffer. (<tt>FF_LFN_BUF, FF_SFN_BUF</tt>)<br>
 Added dynamic memory allocation option for working buffer of <tt>f_mkfs</tt> and <tt>f_fdisk</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_fdisk</tt> and <tt>f_mkfs</tt> create the partition table with wrong CHS parameters. (appeared at R0.09)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_unlink</tt> can cause lost clusters at fragmented file on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12c)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_setlabel</tt> rejects some valid characters for exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.13<br>May 21, 2017</td>
 <td>
 Prefix of configuration item names are changed from <tt>"_"</tt> to <tt>"FF_"</tt>.<br>
 Added <tt>f_setcp</tt>, run-time code page configuration. (<tt>FF_CODE_PAGE = 0</tt>)<br>
 Improved cluster allocation time on stretch a deep buried cluster chain.<br>
 Improved processing time of <tt>f_mkdir</tt> with large cluster size by using <tt>FF_USE_LFN = 3</tt>.<br>
 Improved exFAT <tt>NoFatChain</tt> flag of the fragmented file to be set after it is truncated and got contiguous.<br>
 Fixed archive attribute is left not set when a file on the exFAT volume is renamed. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed exFAT FAT entry can be collapsed when write or lseek operation to the existing file is done. (appeared at R0.12c)<br>
 Fixed creating a file can fail when a new cluster allocation to the exFAT directory occures. (appeared at R0.12c)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 ASCII only configuration, <tt>FF_CODE_PAGE = 1</tt>, is removed. Use <tt>FF_CODE_PAGE = 437</tt> instead.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.12c<br>Mar 04, 2017</td>
 <td>
 Improved write throughput at the fragmented file on the exFAT volume.<br>
 Made memory usage for exFAT be able to be reduced as decreasing <tt>_MAX_LFN</tt>.<br>
 Fixed successive <tt>f_getfree</tt> can return wrong count on the FAT12/16 volume. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed configuration option <tt>_VOLUMES</tt> cannot be set 10. (appeared at R0.10c)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.12b<br>Sep 4, 2016</td>
 <td>
 Made <tt>f_rename</tt> be able to rename objects with the same name but case.<br>
 Fixed an error in the case conversion teble of code page 866. (<tt>ff.c</tt>)<br>
 Fixed writing data is truncated at the file offset 4GiB on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed creating a file in the root directory of exFAT volume can fail. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> creating exFAT volume with too small cluster size can collapse unallocated memory. (appeared at R0.12a)<br>
 Fixed wrong object name can be returned when read directory at Unicode cfg. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed large file allocation/removing on the exFAT volume collapses allocation bitmap. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed some internal errors in <tt>f_expand</tt> and <tt>f_lseek.</tt> (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.12a<br>Jul 10, 2016</td>
 <td>
 Added support for creating exFAT volume with some changes of <tt>f_mkfs</tt>.<br>
 Added a file open method <tt>FA_OPEN_APPEND</tt>.<br>
 <tt>f_forward</tt> is available regardless of <tt>_FS_TINY</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> creates broken volume. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed wrong memory read in <tt>create_name</tt>. (appeared at R0.12)<br>
 Fixed compilation fails at some configurations, <tt>_USE_FASTSEEK</tt> and <tt>_USE_FORWARD</tt>.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 Usage of <tt>f_mkfs</tt> is changed.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.12<br>Apr 12, 2016</td>
 <td>
 Added support for exFAT file system. (<tt>_FS_EXFAT</tt>)<br>
 Added <tt>f_expand</tt>. (<tt>_USE_EXPAND</tt>)<br>
 Changed some members in <tt>FINFO</tt> and behavior of <tt>f_readdir</tt>.<br>
 Added a configuration option <tt>_USE_CHMOD</tt>.<br>
 Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of Unicode (<tt>cc*.c</tt>).<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 Usage and members of <tt>FINFO</tt> sructure used in <tt>f_readdir</tt> is changed.<br>
 Dot entries in the sub-directory are never appear in <tt>f_readdir</tt>.<br>
 <tt>".."</tt> does not work as path name in exFAT volume.<br>
 <tt>f_getcwd</tt> does not work in exFAT volume.</br>
 Many members in <tt>FIL</tt> and <tt>DIR</tt> structure are changed.<br>
 To use <tt>f_chmod</tt>, <tt>_USE_CHMOD</tt> needs to be set.<br>
 <tt>_WORD_ACCESS</tt> is removed from the configuration options.<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.11a<br>Sep 5, 2015</td>
 <td>
 Fixed wrong media change can lead a deadlock at thread-safe configuration.<br>
 Added code page 771, 860, 861, 863, 864, 865 and 869. (<tt>_CODE_PAGE</tt>)<br>
 Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of code page 437 and 850 (<tt>ff.c</tt>).<br>
 Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of Unicode (<tt>cc*.c</tt>).<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 Removed some code pages actually not exist on the standard systems. (<tt>_CODE_PAGE</tt>)<br>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.11<br>Feb 9, 2015</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_findfirst</tt> and <tt>f_findnext.</tt> (<tt>_USE_FIND</tt>)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_unlink</tt> does not remove cluster chain of the file. (appeared at R0.10c)<br>
 Fixed <tt>_FS_NORTC</tt> option does not work properly. (appeared at R0.10c)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.10c<br>Nov 9, 2014</td>
 <td>
 Added a configuration option for the platforms without RTC. (<tt>_FS_NORTC</tt>)<br>
 Fixed volume label created by Mac OS X cannot be retrieved with <tt>f_getlabel</tt>. (appeared at R0.09b)<br>
 Fixed a potential problem of FAT access that can appear on disk error.<br>
 Fixed null pointer dereference on attempting to delete the root direcotry. (appeared at R0.08)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.10b<br>May 19, 2014</td>
 <td>
 Fixed a hard error in the disk I/O layer can collapse the directory entry.<br>
 Fixed LFN entry is not deleted on delete/rename an object with its lossy converted SFN. (appeared at R0.07)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.10a<br>Jan 15, 2014</td>
 <td>
 Added arbitrary strings as drive number in the path name. (<tt>_STR_VOLUME_ID</tt>)<br>
 Added an option for minimum sector size. (<tt>_MIN_SS</tt>)<br>
 2nd argument of <tt>f_rename</tt> can have a drive number and it will be ignored.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mount</tt> with forced mount fails when drive number is larger than 0. (appeared at R0.10)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_close</tt> invalidates the file object without volume lock.<br>
 Fixed volume lock is left acquired after return from <tt>f_closedir</tt>. (appeared at R0.10)<br>
 Fixed creation of a directory entry with LFN fails on too many SFN collisions. (appeared at R0.07)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.10<br>Oct 2, 2013</td>
 <td>
 Added an option for character encoding on the file. (<tt>_STRF_ENCODE</tt>)<br>
 Added f_closedir.<br>
 Added forced full FAT scan option for <tt>f_getfree</tt>. (<tt>_FS_NOFSINFO</tt>)<br>
 Added forced mount option with changes of <tt>f_mount</tt>.<br>
 Improved behavior of volume auto detection.<br>
 Improved write throughput of <tt>f_puts</tt> and <tt>f_printf</tt>.<br>
 Changed argument of <tt>f_chdrive,</tt> <tt>f_mkfs</tt>, <tt>disk_read</tt> and <tt>disk_write</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_write</tt> can be truncated when the file size is close to 4 GB.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_open</tt>, <tt>f_mkdir</tt> and <tt>f_setlabel</tt> can return incorrect result code on error.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.09b<br>Jan 24, 2013</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_getlabel</tt> and <tt>f_setlabel</tt>. (<tt>_USE_LABEL</tt>)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.09a<br>Aug 27, 2012</td>
 <td>
 Fixed assertion failure due to OS/2 EA on FAT12/16 volume.<br>
 Changed file functions reject null object pointer to avoid crash.<br>
 Changed option name <tt>_FS_SHARE</tt> to <tt>_FS_LOCK</tt>.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.09<br>Sep 6, 2011</td>
 <td>
 <tt>f_mkfs</tt> supports multiple partition on a physical drive.<br>
 Added <tt>f_fdisk</tt>. (<tt>_MULTI_PARTITION = 2</tt>)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.08b<br>Jan 15, 2011</td>
 <td>
 Fast seek function is also applied to <tt>f_read</tt> and <tt>f_write</tt>.<br>
 <tt>f_lseek</tt> reports required table size on creating CLMP.<br>
 Extended format syntax of <tt>f_printf</tt>.<br>
 Ignores duplicated directory separators in given path names.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.08a<br>Aug 16, 2010</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_getcwd</tt>. (<tt>_FS_RPATH = 2</tt>)<br>
 Added sector erase function. (<tt>_USE_ERASE</tt>)<br>
 Moved file lock semaphore table from fs object to the bss.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkdir</tt> creates wrong directory on non-LFN cfg when the given name contains <tt>';'</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> creates wrong FAT32 volume.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.08<br>May 15, 2010</td>
 <td>
 Added an option to <tt>_USE_LFN</tt><br>
 Added support of file lock. (<tt>_FS_SHARE</tt>)<br>
 Added fast seek function. (<tt>_USE_FASTSEEK</tt>)<br>
 Changed a type name on the API, <tt>XCHAR</tt> to <tt>TCHAR</tt>.<br>
 Changed member, <tt>fname</tt>, in the <tt>FILINFO</tt> on Unicode cfg.<br>
 String functions support UTF-8 encoding files on Unicode cfg.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.07e<br>Nov 3, 2009</td>
 <td>
 Separated out configuration options from <tt>ff.h</tt> to <tt>ffconf.h</tt>.<br>
 Added a configuration option, <tt>_LFN_UNICODE</tt>.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_unlink</tt> fails to remove a sub-dir on <tt>_FS_RPATH</tt>.<br>
 Fixed name matching error on the 13 char boundary.<br>
 Changed <tt>f_readdir</tt> to return the SFN with always upper case on non-LFN cfg.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.07c<br>Jan 21, 2009</td>
 <td>
 Fixed <tt>f_unlink</tt> may return FR_OK on error.<br>
 Fixed wrong cache control in <tt>f_lseek</tt>.<br>
 Added support of relative path.<br>
 Added <tt>f_chdir</tt>.<br>
 Added <tt>f_chdrive</tt>.<br>
 Added proper case conversion to extended characters.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.07a<br>Apr 14, 2009</td>
 <td>
 Separated out OS dependent code on re-entrant configuration.<br>
 Added multiple sector size support.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.07<br>Apr 1, 2009</td>
 <td>
 Merged Tiny-FatFs into FatFs as a buffer configuration option.<br>
 Added support for long file extension.<br>
 Added multiple code page support.<br>
 Added re-entrancy for multitask operation.<br>
 Added auto cluster size selection to <tt>f_mkfs</tt>.<br>
 Added rewind option to <tt>f_readdir</tt>.<br>
 Changed result code of critical errors.<br>
 Renamed string functions to avoid name collision.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.06<br>Apr 1, 2008</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_forward</tt>. (Tiny-FatFs)<br>
 Added string functions: <tt>f_gets</tt>, <tt>f_putc</tt>, <tt>f_puts</tt> and <tt>f_printf</tt>.<br>
 Improved performance of <tt>f_lseek</tt> on moving to the same or following cluster.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.05a<br>Feb 3, 2008</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_truncate</tt>.<br>
 Added <tt>f_utime</tt>.<br>
 Fixed off by one error at FAT sub-type determination.<br>
 Fixed btr in <tt>f_read</tt> can be mistruncated.<br>
 Fixed cached sector is left not flushed when create and close without write.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.05<br>Aug 26, 2007</td>
 <td>
 Changed arguments of <tt>f_read</tt>, <tt>f_write</tt>.<br>
 Changed arguments of <tt>f_mkfs</tt>. (FatFs)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkfs</tt> on FAT32 creates incorrect FSInfo. (FatFs)<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkdir</tt> on FAT32 creates broken directory. (FatFs)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.04b<br>May 5, 2007</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>_USE_NTFLAG</tt> option.<br>
 Added support for FSInfo in FAT32 volume.<br>
 Fixed some problems corresponds to FAT32. (Tiny-FatFs)<br>
 Fixed DBCS name can result <tt>FR_INVALID_NAME</tt>.<br>
 Fixed short seek (<tt>&lt;= csize</tt>) collapses the file object.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.04a<br>Apr 1, 2007</td>
 <td>
 Supported multiple partitions on a plysical drive. (FatFs)<br>
 Added minimization level 3.<br>
 Added a capability of extending file size to <tt>f_lseek</tt>.<br>
 Fixed an endian sensitive code in <tt>f_mkfs</tt>. (FatFs)<br>
 Fixed a problem corresponds to FAT32 support. (Tiny-FatFs)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.04<br>Feb 4, 2007</td>
 <td>
 Supported multiple drive system. (FatFs)<br>
 Changed some APIs for multiple drive system.<br>
 Added <tt>f_mkfs</tt>. (FatFs)<br>
 Added <tt>_USE_FAT32</tt> option. (Tiny-FatFs)<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.03a<br>Dec 11, 2006</td>
 <td>
 Improved cluster scan algolithm to write files fast.<br>
 Fixed <tt>f_mkdir</tt> creates broken directory on FAT32.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.03<br>Sep 22, 2006</td>
 <td>
 Added <tt>f_rename</tt>.
 Changed option <tt>_FS_MINIMUM</tt> to <tt>_FS_MINIMIZE</tt>.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.02a<br>Jun 10, 2006</td>
 <td>
 Added a configuration option <tt>_FS_MINIMUM</tt>.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.02<br>Jun 01, 2006</td>
 <td>
 Added FAT12.<br>
 Removed unbuffered mode.<br>
 Fixed a problem on small (<tt>&lt;32M</tt>) patition.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>R0.01<br>Apr 29, 2006</td>
 <td>
 First release.<br>
 </td>
 <td>
 </td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>
@@ -1,286 +0,0 @@
 R0.14b (April 17, 2021)
  Made FatFs uses standard library <string.h> for copy, compare and search instead of built-in string functions.
  Added support for long long integer and floating point to f_printf(). (FF_STRF_LLI and FF_STRF_FP)
  Made path name parser ignore the terminating separator to allow "dir/".
  Improved the compatibility in Unix style path name feature.
  Fixed the file gets dead-locked when f_open() failed with some conditions. (appeared at R0.12a)
  Fixed f_mkfs() can create wrong exFAT volume due to a timing dependent error. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed code page 855 cannot be set by f_setcp().
  Fixed some compiler warnings.
 R0.14a (December 05, 2020)
  Limited number of recursive calls in f_findnext().
  Fixed old floppy disks formatted with MS-DOS 2.x and 3.x cannot be mounted.
  Fixed some compiler warnings.
 R0.14 (October 14, 2019)
  Added support for 64-bit LBA and GUID partition table (FF_LBA64)
  Changed some API functions, f_mkfs() and f_fdisk().
  Fixed f_open() function cannot find the file with file name in length of FF_MAX_LFN characters.
  Fixed f_readdir() function cannot retrieve long file names in length of FF_MAX_LFN - 1 characters.
  Fixed f_readdir() function returns file names with wrong case conversion. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed f_mkfs() function can fail to create exFAT volume in the second partition. (appeared at R0.12)
 R0.13c (October 14, 2018)
  Supported stdint.h for C99 and later. (integer.h was included in ff.h)
  Fixed reading a directory gets infinite loop when the last directory entry is not empty. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed creating a sub-directory in the fragmented sub-directory on the exFAT volume collapses FAT chain of the parent directory. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed f_getcwd() cause output buffer overrun when the buffer has a valid drive number. (appeared at R0.13b)
 R0.13b (April 07, 2018)
  Added support for UTF-32 encoding on the API. (FF_LFN_UNICODE = 3)
  Added support for Unix style volume prefix. (FF_STR_VOLUME_ID = 2)
  Fixed accesing any object on the exFAT root directory beyond the cluster boundary can fail. (appeared at R0.12c)
  Fixed f_setlabel() does not reject some invalid characters. (appeared at R0.09b)
 R0.13a (October 14, 2017)
  Added support for UTF-8 encoding on the API. (FF_LFN_UNICODE = 2)
  Added options for file name output buffer. (FF_LFN_BUF, FF_SFN_BUF).
  Added dynamic memory allocation option for working buffer of f_mkfs() and f_fdisk().
  Fixed f_fdisk() and f_mkfs() create the partition table with wrong CHS parameters. (appeared at R0.09)
  Fixed f_unlink() can cause lost clusters at fragmented file on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12c)
  Fixed f_setlabel() rejects some valid characters for exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)
 R0.13 (May 21, 2017)
  Changed heading character of configuration keywords "_" to "FF_".
  Removed ASCII-only configuration, FF_CODE_PAGE = 1. Use FF_CODE_PAGE = 437 instead.
  Added f_setcp(), run-time code page configuration. (FF_CODE_PAGE = 0)
  Improved cluster allocation time on stretch a deep buried cluster chain.
  Improved processing time of f_mkdir() with large cluster size by using FF_USE_LFN = 3.
  Improved NoFatChain flag of the fragmented file to be set after it is truncated and got contiguous.
  Fixed archive attribute is left not set when a file on the exFAT volume is renamed. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed exFAT FAT entry can be collapsed when write or lseek operation to the existing file is done. (appeared at R0.12c)
  Fixed creating a file can fail when a new cluster allocation to the exFAT directory occures. (appeared at R0.12c)
 R0.12c (March 04, 2017)
  Improved write throughput at the fragmented file on the exFAT volume.
  Made memory usage for exFAT be able to be reduced as decreasing _MAX_LFN.
  Fixed successive f_getfree() can return wrong count on the FAT12/16 volume. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed configuration option _VOLUMES cannot be set 10. (appeared at R0.10c)
 R0.12b (September 4, 2016)
  Made f_rename() be able to rename objects with the same name but case.
  Fixed an error in the case conversion teble of code page 866. (ff.c)
  Fixed writing data is truncated at the file offset 4GiB on the exFAT volume. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed creating a file in the root directory of exFAT volume can fail. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed f_mkfs() creating exFAT volume with too small cluster size can collapse unallocated memory. (appeared at R0.12a)
  Fixed wrong object name can be returned when read directory at Unicode cfg. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed large file allocation/removing on the exFAT volume collapses allocation bitmap. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed some internal errors in f_expand() and f_lseek(). (appeared at R0.12)
 R0.12a (July 10, 2016)
  Added support for creating exFAT volume with some changes of f_mkfs().
  Added a file open method FA_OPEN_APPEND. An f_lseek() following f_open() is no longer needed.
  f_forward() is available regardless of _FS_TINY.
  Fixed f_mkfs() creates wrong volume. (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed wrong memory read in create_name(). (appeared at R0.12)
  Fixed compilation fails at some configurations, _USE_FASTSEEK and _USE_FORWARD.
 R0.12 (April 12, 2016)
  Added support for exFAT file system. (_FS_EXFAT)
  Added f_expand(). (_USE_EXPAND)
  Changed some members in FINFO structure and behavior of f_readdir().
  Added an option _USE_CHMOD and removed an option _WORD_ACCESS.
  Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of Unicode (cc*.c).
 R0.11a (September 5, 2015)
  Fixed wrong media change can lead a deadlock at thread-safe configuration.
  Added code page 771, 860, 861, 863, 864, 865 and 869. (_CODE_PAGE)
  Removed some code pages actually not exist on the standard systems. (_CODE_PAGE)
  Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of code page 437 and 850 (ff.c).
  Fixed errors in the case conversion teble of Unicode (cc*.c).
 R0.11 (February 9, 2015)
  Added f_findfirst() and f_findnext(). (_USE_FIND)
  Fixed f_unlink() does not remove cluster chain of the file. (appeared at R0.10c)
  Fixed _FS_NORTC option does not work properly. (appeared at R0.10c)
 R0.10c (November 9, 2014)
  Added a configuration option for the platforms without RTC. (_FS_NORTC)
  Fixed volume label created by Mac OS X cannot be retrieved with f_getlabel(). (appeared at R0.09b)
  Fixed a potential problem of FAT access that can appear on disk error.
  Fixed null pointer dereference on attempting to delete the root direcotry. (appeared at R0.08)
 R0.10b (May 19, 2014)
  Fixed a hard error in the disk I/O layer can collapse the directory entry.
  Fixed LFN entry is not deleted on delete/rename an object with its lossy converted SFN. (appeared at R0.07)
 R0.10a (January 15, 2014)
  Added arbitrary strings as drive number in the path name. (_STR_VOLUME_ID)
  Added an option for minimum sector size. (_MIN_SS)
  2nd argument of f_rename() can have a drive number and it will be ignored.
  Fixed f_mount() with forced mount fails when drive number is larger than 0. (appeared at R0.10)
  Fixed f_close() invalidates the file object without volume lock.
  Fixed volume lock is left acquired after return from f_closedir(). (appeared at R0.10)
  Fixed creation of a directory entry with LFN fails on too many SFN collisions. (appeared at R0.07)
 R0.10 (October 2, 2013)
  Added an option for character encoding on the file. (_STRF_ENCODE)
  Added f_closedir().
  Added forced full FAT scan option for f_getfree(). (_FS_NOFSINFO)
  Added forced mount option with changes of f_mount().
  Improved behavior of volume auto detection.
  Improved write throughput of f_puts() and f_printf().
  Changed argument of f_chdrive(), f_mkfs(), disk_read() and disk_write().
  Fixed f_write() can be truncated when the file size is close to 4GB.
  Fixed f_open(), f_mkdir() and f_setlabel() can return incorrect result code on error.
 R0.09b (January 24, 2013)
  Added f_getlabel() and f_setlabel(). (_USE_LABEL = 1)
 R0.09a (August 27, 2012)
  Fixed assertion failure due to OS/2 EA on FAT12/16 volume.
  Changed file functions reject null object pointer to avoid crash.
  Changed option name _FS_SHARE to _FS_LOCK.
 R0.09 (September 6, 2011)
  f_mkfs() supports multiple partition on a physical drive.
  Added f_fdisk(). (_MULTI_PARTITION = 2)
 R0.08b (January 15, 2011)
  Fast seek function is also applied to f_read() and f_write().
  f_lseek() reports required table size on creating CLMP.
  Extended format syntax of f_printf().
  Ignores duplicated directory separators in given path names.
 R0.08a (August 16, 2010)
  Added f_getcwd(). (_FS_RPATH = 2)
  Added sector erase function. (_USE_ERASE)
  Moved file lock semaphore table from fs object to the bss.
  Fixed a wrong directory entry is created on non-LFN cfg when the given name contains ';'.
  Fixed f_mkfs() creates wrong FAT32 volume.
 R0.08 (May 15, 2010)
  Added a memory configuration option. (_USE_LFN)
  Added support of file lock. (_FS_SHARE)
  Added fast seek function. (_USE_FASTSEEK)
  Changed some types on the API, XCHAR->TCHAR.
  Changed fname member in the FILINFO structure on Unicode cfg.
  String functions support UTF-8 encoding files on Unicode cfg.
 R0.07e (November 3, 2009)
  Separated out configuration options from ff.h to ffconf.h.
  Added a configuration option, _LFN_UNICODE.
  Fixed f_unlink() fails to remove a sub-dir on _FS_RPATH.
  Fixed name matching error on the 13 char boundary.
  Changed f_readdir() to return the SFN with always upper case on non-LFN cfg.
 R0.07c (Junuary 21, 2009)
  Fixed f_unlink() may return FR_OK on error.
  Fixed wrong cache control in f_lseek().
  Added support of relative path.
  Added f_chdir().
  Added f_chdrive().
  Added proper case conversion to extended characters.
 R0.07a (April 14, 2009)
  Separated out OS dependent code on re-entrant configuration.
  Added multiple sector size support.
 R0.07 (April 1, 2009)
  Merged Tiny-FatFs into FatFs as a buffer configuration option.
  Added long file name support.
  Added multiple code page support.
  Added re-entrancy for multitask operation.
  Added auto cluster size selection to f_mkfs().
  Added rewind option to f_readdir().
  Changed result code of critical errors.
  Renamed string functions to avoid name collision.
 R0.06 (April 1, 2008)
  Added f_forward. (Tiny-FatFs)
  Added string functions: fgets, fputc, fputs and fprintf.
  Improved performance of f_lseek on moving to the same or following cluster.
 R0.05a (February 3, 2008)
  Added f_truncate.
  Added f_utime.
  Fixed off by one error at FAT sub-type determination.
  Fixed btr in f_read can be mistruncated.
  Fixed cached sector is left not flushed when create and close without write.
 R0.05 (August 26, 2007)
  Changed arguments of f_read, f_write.
  Changed arguments of f_mkfs. (FatFs)
  Fixed f_mkfs on FAT32 creates incorrect FSInfo. (FatFs)
  Fixed f_mkdir on FAT32 creates incorrect directory. (FatFs)
 R0.04b (May 5, 2007)
  Added _USE_NTFLAG option.
  Added FSInfo support.
  Fixed some problems corresponds to FAT32. (Tiny-FatFs)
  Fixed DBCS name can result FR_INVALID_NAME.
  Fixed short seek (<= csize) collapses the file object.
 R0.04a (April 1, 2007)
  Supported multiple partitions on a plysical drive. (FatFs)
  Added minimization level 3.
  Added a capability of extending file size to f_lseek.
  Fixed an endian sensitive code in f_mkfs. (FatFs)
  Fixed a problem corresponds to FAT32 support. (Tiny-FatFs)
 R0.04 (February 4, 2007)
  Supported multiple drive system. (FatFs)
  Changed some APIs for multiple drive system.
  Added f_mkfs. (FatFs)
  Added _USE_FAT32 option. (Tiny-FatFs)
 R0.03a (December 11, 2006)
  Improved cluster scan algolithm to write files fast.
  Fixed f_mkdir creates incorrect directory on FAT32.
 R0.03 (September 22, 2006)
  Added f_rename.
  Changed option _FS_MINIMUM to _FS_MINIMIZE.
 R0.02a (June 10, 2006)
  Added a configuration option _FS_MINIMUM.
 R0.02 (Jun 01, 2006)
  Added FAT12.
  Removed unbuffered mode.
  Fixed a problem on small (<32M) patition.
 R0.01 (April 29, 2006)
  First release
 R0.00 (February 26, 2006)
  Prototype (not released)
@@ -357,3 +357,21 @@ R0.14b (April 17, 2021)
  Fixed some compiler warnings.
 R0.15 (November 6, 2022)
  Changed user provided synchronization functions in order to completely eliminate the platform dependency from FatFs code.
  FF_SYNC_t is removed from the configuration options.
  Fixed a potential error in f_mount when FF_FS_REENTRANT.
  Fixed file lock control FF_FS_LOCK is not mutal excluded when FF_FS_REENTRANT && FF_VOLUMES > 1 is true.
  Fixed f_mkfs() creates broken exFAT volume when the size of volume is >= 2^32 sectors.
  Fixed string functions cannot write the unicode characters not in BMP when FF_LFN_UNICODE == 2 (UTF-8).
  Fixed a compatibility issue in identification of GPT header.
 R0.15a (November 22, 2024)
  Fixed a complie error when FF_FS_LOCK != 0.
  Fixed a potential issue when work FatFs concurrency with FF_FS_REENTRANT, FF_VOLUMES >= 2 and FF_FS_LOCK > 0.
  Made f_setlabel() accept a volume label in Unix style volume ID when FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 2.
  Made FatFs update PercInUse field in exFAT VBR. (A preceding f_getfree() is needed for the accuracy)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FatFs Module Source Files R0.14b
+FatFs Module Source Files R0.15
 FILES
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------/
-/  FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem module  R0.14b                              /
+/  FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem module  R0.15a                              /
 /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------/
 /
-/ Copyright (C) 2021, ChaN, all right reserved.
+/ Copyright (C) 2024, ChaN, all right reserved.
 /
 / FatFs module is an open source software. Redistribution and use of FatFs in
 / source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
@@ -20,14 +20,15 @@
 #ifndef FF_DEFINED
-#define FF_DEFINED	86631	/* Revision ID */
+#define FF_DEFINED	5380	/* Revision ID */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 #if !defined(FFCONF_DEF)
 #include "ffconf.h"		/* FatFs configuration options */
-
+#endif
 #if FF_DEFINED != FFCONF_DEF
 #error Wrong configuration file (ffconf.h).
 #endif
@@ -48,18 +49,18 @@ typedef unsigned __int64 QWORD;
 #include <stdint.h>
 typedef unsigned int	UINT;	/* int must be 16-bit or 32-bit */
 typedef unsigned char	BYTE;	/* char must be 8-bit */
-typedef uint16_t		WORD;	/* 16-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef uint16_t		WORD;	/* 16-bit unsigned */
-typedef uint32_t		DWORD;	/* 32-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef uint32_t		DWORD;	/* 32-bit unsigned */
-typedef uint64_t		QWORD;	/* 64-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef uint64_t		QWORD;	/* 64-bit unsigned */
-typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 character type */
+typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 code unit */
 #else  	/* Earlier than C99 */
 #define FF_INTDEF 1
 typedef unsigned int	UINT;	/* int must be 16-bit or 32-bit */
 typedef unsigned char	BYTE;	/* char must be 8-bit */
-typedef unsigned short	WORD;	/* 16-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef unsigned short	WORD;	/* short must be 16-bit */
-typedef unsigned long	DWORD;	/* 32-bit unsigned integer */
+typedef unsigned long	DWORD;	/* long must be 32-bit */
-typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 character type */
+typedef WORD			WCHAR;	/* UTF-16 code unit */
 #endif
@@ -113,15 +114,15 @@ typedef char TCHAR;
 #if FF_MULTI_PARTITION		/* Multiple partition configuration */
 typedef struct {
-	BYTE pd;	/* Physical drive number */
+	BYTE pd;	/* Associated physical drive */
-	BYTE pt;	/* Partition: 0:Auto detect, 1-4:Forced partition) */
+	BYTE pt;	/* Associated partition (0:Auto detect, 1-4:Forced partition) */
 } PARTITION;
-extern PARTITION VolToPart[];	/* Volume - Partition mapping table */
+extern PARTITION VolToPart[];	/* Volume to partition mapping table */
 #endif
 #if FF_STR_VOLUME_ID
 #ifndef FF_VOLUME_STRS
-extern const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES];	/* User defied volume ID */
+extern const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES];	/* User defined volume ID table */
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -130,11 +131,12 @@ extern const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES];	/* User defied volume ID */
 /* Filesystem object structure (FATFS) */
 typedef struct {
-	BYTE	fs_type;		/* Filesystem type (0:not mounted) */
+	BYTE	fs_type;		/* Filesystem type (0:blank filesystem object) */
-	BYTE	pdrv;			/* Associated physical drive */
+	BYTE	pdrv;			/* Volume hosting physical drive */
 	BYTE	ldrv;			/* Logical drive number (used only when FF_FS_REENTRANT) */
 	BYTE	n_fats;			/* Number of FATs (1 or 2) */
-	BYTE	wflag;			/* win[] flag (b0:dirty) */
+	BYTE	wflag;			/* win[] status (1:dirty) */
-	BYTE	fsi_flag;		/* FSINFO flags (b7:disabled, b0:dirty) */
+	BYTE	fsi_flag;		/* Allocation information control (b7:disabled, b0:dirty) */
 	WORD	id;				/* Volume mount ID */
 	WORD	n_rootdir;		/* Number of root directory entries (FAT12/16) */
 	WORD	csize;			/* Cluster size [sectors] */
@@ -145,14 +147,11 @@ typedef struct {
 	WCHAR*	lfnbuf;			/* LFN working buffer */
 #endif
 #if FF_FS_EXFAT
-	BYTE*	dirbuf;			/* Directory entry block scratchpad buffer for exFAT */
+	BYTE*	dirbuf;			/* Directory entry block scratch pad buffer for exFAT */
 #endif
 #if FF_FS_REENTRANT
 	FF_SYNC_t	sobj;		/* Identifier of sync object */
 #endif
 #if !FF_FS_READONLY
-	DWORD	last_clst;		/* Last allocated cluster */
+	DWORD	last_clst;		/* Last allocated cluster (Unknown if >= n_fatent) */
-	DWORD	free_clst;		/* Number of free clusters */
+	DWORD	free_clst;		/* Number of free clusters (Unknown if >= n_fatent-2) */
 #endif
 #if FF_FS_RPATH
 	DWORD	cdir;			/* Current directory start cluster (0:root) */
@@ -163,10 +162,10 @@ typedef struct {
 #endif
 #endif
 	DWORD	n_fatent;		/* Number of FAT entries (number of clusters + 2) */
-	DWORD	fsize;			/* Size of an FAT [sectors] */
+	DWORD	fsize;			/* Number of sectors per FAT */
 	LBA_t	volbase;		/* Volume base sector */
 	LBA_t	fatbase;		/* FAT base sector */
-	LBA_t	dirbase;		/* Root directory base sector/cluster */
+	LBA_t	dirbase;		/* Root directory base sector (FAT12/16) or cluster (FAT32/exFAT) */
 	LBA_t	database;		/* Data base sector */
 #if FF_FS_EXFAT
 	LBA_t	bitbase;		/* Allocation bitmap base sector */
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct {
 	FATFS*	fs;				/* Pointer to the hosting volume of this object */
-	WORD	id;				/* Hosting volume mount ID */
+	WORD	id;				/* Hosting volume's mount ID */
 	BYTE	attr;			/* Object attribute */
 	BYTE	stat;			/* Object chain status (b1-0: =0:not contiguous, =2:contiguous, =3:fragmented in this session, b2:sub-directory stretched) */
 	DWORD	sclust;			/* Object data start cluster (0:no cluster or root directory) */
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ typedef struct {
 	WORD	ftime;			/* Modified time */
 	BYTE	fattrib;		/* File attribute */
 #if FF_USE_LFN
-	TCHAR	altname[FF_SFN_BUF + 1];/* Altenative file name */
+	TCHAR	altname[FF_SFN_BUF + 1];/* Alternative file name */
 	TCHAR	fname[FF_LFN_BUF + 1];	/* Primary file name */
 #else
 	TCHAR	fname[12 + 1];	/* File name */
@@ -274,32 +273,34 @@ typedef struct {
 /* File function return code (FRESULT) */
 typedef enum {
-	FR_OK = 0,				/* (0) Succeeded */
+	FR_OK = 0,				/* (0) Function succeeded */
 	FR_DISK_ERR,			/* (1) A hard error occurred in the low level disk I/O layer */
 	FR_INT_ERR,				/* (2) Assertion failed */
-	FR_NOT_READY,			/* (3) The physical drive cannot work */
+	FR_NOT_READY,			/* (3) The physical drive does not work */
 	FR_NO_FILE,				/* (4) Could not find the file */
 	FR_NO_PATH,				/* (5) Could not find the path */
 	FR_INVALID_NAME,		/* (6) The path name format is invalid */
-	FR_DENIED,				/* (7) Access denied due to prohibited access or directory full */
+	FR_DENIED,				/* (7) Access denied due to a prohibited access or directory full */
-	FR_EXIST,				/* (8) Access denied due to prohibited access */
+	FR_EXIST,				/* (8) Access denied due to a prohibited access */
 	FR_INVALID_OBJECT,		/* (9) The file/directory object is invalid */
 	FR_WRITE_PROTECTED,		/* (10) The physical drive is write protected */
 	FR_INVALID_DRIVE,		/* (11) The logical drive number is invalid */
 	FR_NOT_ENABLED,			/* (12) The volume has no work area */
-	FR_NO_FILESYSTEM,		/* (13) There is no valid FAT volume */
+	FR_NO_FILESYSTEM,		/* (13) Could not find a valid FAT volume */
-	FR_MKFS_ABORTED,		/* (14) The f_mkfs() aborted due to any problem */
+	FR_MKFS_ABORTED,		/* (14) The f_mkfs function aborted due to some problem */
-	FR_TIMEOUT,				/* (15) Could not get a grant to access the volume within defined period */
+	FR_TIMEOUT,				/* (15) Could not take control of the volume within defined period */
 	FR_LOCKED,				/* (16) The operation is rejected according to the file sharing policy */
-	FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE,		/* (17) LFN working buffer could not be allocated */
+	FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE,		/* (17) LFN working buffer could not be allocated or given buffer is insufficient in size */
 	FR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES,	/* (18) Number of open files > FF_FS_LOCK */
 	FR_INVALID_PARAMETER	/* (19) Given parameter is invalid */
 } FRESULT;
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* FatFs Module Application Interface                           */
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* FatFs module application interface                           */
 FRESULT f_open (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* path, BYTE mode);				/* Open or create a file */
 FRESULT f_close (FIL* fp);											/* Close an open file object */
@@ -336,6 +337,8 @@ int f_puts (const TCHAR* str, FIL* cp);								/* Put a string to the file */
 int f_printf (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* str, ...);						/* Put a formatted string to the file */
 TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR* buff, int len, FIL* fp);						/* Get a string from the file */
 /* Some API fucntions are implemented as macro */
 #define f_eof(fp) ((int)((fp)->fptr == (fp)->obj.objsize))
 #define f_error(fp) ((fp)->err)
 #define f_tell(fp) ((fp)->fptr)
@@ -349,40 +352,45 @@ TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR* buff, int len, FIL* fp);						/* Get a string from the fil
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Additional user defined functions                            */
+/* Additional Functions                                         */
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* RTC function */
+/* RTC function (provided by user) */
 #if !FF_FS_READONLY && !FF_FS_NORTC
-DWORD get_fattime (void);
+DWORD get_fattime (void);	/* Get current time */
 #endif
-/* LFN support functions */
+
-#if FF_USE_LFN >= 1						/* Code conversion (defined in unicode.c) */
+/* LFN support functions (defined in ffunicode.c) */
 #if FF_USE_LFN >= 1
 WCHAR ff_oem2uni (WCHAR oem, WORD cp);	/* OEM code to Unicode conversion */
 WCHAR ff_uni2oem (DWORD uni, WORD cp);	/* Unicode to OEM code conversion */
 DWORD ff_wtoupper (DWORD uni);			/* Unicode upper-case conversion */
 #endif
 /* O/S dependent functions (samples available in ffsystem.c) */
 #if FF_USE_LFN == 3		/* Dynamic memory allocation */
 void* ff_memalloc (UINT msize);		/* Allocate memory block */
 void ff_memfree (void* mblock);		/* Free memory block */
 #endif
-
+#if FF_FS_REENTRANT		/* Sync functions */
-/* Sync functions */
+int ff_mutex_create (int vol);		/* Create a sync object */
-#if FF_FS_REENTRANT
+void ff_mutex_delete (int vol);		/* Delete a sync object */
-int ff_cre_syncobj (BYTE vol, FF_SYNC_t* sobj);	/* Create a sync object */
+int ff_mutex_take (int vol);		/* Lock sync object */
-int ff_req_grant (FF_SYNC_t sobj);		/* Lock sync object */
+void ff_mutex_give (int vol);		/* Unlock sync object */
 void ff_rel_grant (FF_SYNC_t sobj);		/* Unlock sync object */
 int ff_del_syncobj (FF_SYNC_t sobj);	/* Delete a sync object */
 #endif
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Flags and offset address                                     */
+/* Flags and Offset Address                                     */
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
+/* File access mode and open method flags (3rd argument of f_open function) */
 /* File access mode and open method flags (3rd argument of f_open) */
 #define	FA_READ				0x01
 #define	FA_WRITE			0x02
 #define	FA_OPEN_EXISTING	0x00
@@ -391,10 +399,10 @@ int ff_del_syncobj (FF_SYNC_t sobj);	/* Delete a sync object */
 #define	FA_OPEN_ALWAYS		0x10
 #define	FA_OPEN_APPEND		0x30
-/* Fast seek controls (2nd argument of f_lseek) */
+/* Fast seek controls (2nd argument of f_lseek function) */
 #define CREATE_LINKMAP	((FSIZE_t)0 - 1)
-/* Format options (2nd argument of f_mkfs) */
+/* Format options (2nd argument of f_mkfs function) */
 #define FM_FAT		0x01
 #define FM_FAT32	0x02
 #define FM_EXFAT	0x04
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
-/  FatFs Functional Configurations
+/  Configurations of FatFs Module
 /---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-#define FFCONF_DEF	86631	/* Revision ID */
+#define FFCONF_DEF	5380	/* Revision ID */
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
 / Function Configurations
@@ -31,45 +31,45 @@
 #define FF_USE_MKFS		0
-/* This option switches f_mkfs() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+/* This option switches f_mkfs(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
 #define FF_USE_FASTSEEK	0
-/* This option switches fast seek function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+/* This option switches fast seek feature. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
 #define FF_USE_EXPAND	0
-/* This option switches f_expand function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+/* This option switches f_expand(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
 #define FF_USE_CHMOD	0
-/* This option switches attribute manipulation functions, f_chmod() and f_utime().
+/* This option switches attribute control API functions, f_chmod() and f_utime().
 /  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) Also FF_FS_READONLY needs to be 0 to enable this option. */
 #define FF_USE_LABEL	0
-/* This option switches volume label functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
+/* This option switches volume label API functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
 /  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
 #define FF_USE_FORWARD	0
-/* This option switches f_forward() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+/* This option switches f_forward(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
 #define FF_USE_STRFUNC	0
 #define FF_PRINT_LLI	0
 #define FF_PRINT_FLOAT	0
-#define FF_STRF_ENCODE	0
+#define FF_STRF_ENCODE	3
-/* FF_USE_STRFUNC switches string functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts() and
+/* FF_USE_STRFUNC switches the string API functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts()
-/  f_printf().
+/  and f_printf().
 /
 /   0: Disable. FF_PRINT_LLI, FF_PRINT_FLOAT and FF_STRF_ENCODE have no effect.
-/   1: Enable without LF-CRLF conversion.
+/   1: Enable without LF - CRLF conversion.
-/   2: Enable with LF-CRLF conversion.
+/   2: Enable with LF - CRLF conversion.
 /
 /  FF_PRINT_LLI = 1 makes f_printf() support long long argument and FF_PRINT_FLOAT = 1/2
-   makes f_printf() support floating point argument. These features want C99 or later.
+/  makes f_printf() support floating point argument. These features want C99 or later.
-/  When FF_LFN_UNICODE >= 1 with LFN enabled, string functions convert the character
+/  When FF_LFN_UNICODE >= 1 with LFN enabled, string API functions convert the character
 /  encoding in it. FF_STRF_ENCODE selects assumption of character encoding ON THE FILE
 /  to be read/written via those functions.
 /
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@
 /   2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
 /   3: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the HEAP.
 /
-/  To enable the LFN, ffunicode.c needs to be added to the project. The LFN function
+/  To enable the LFN, ffunicode.c needs to be added to the project. The LFN feature
 /  requiers certain internal working buffer occupies (FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2 bytes and
 /  additional (FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32 bytes when exFAT is enabled.
 /  The FF_MAX_LFN defines size of the working buffer in UTF-16 code unit and it can
-/  be in range of 12 to 255. It is recommended to be set it 255 to fully support LFN
+/  be in range of 12 to 255. It is recommended to be set 255 to fully support the LFN
 /  specification.
 /  When use stack for the working buffer, take care on stack overflow. When use heap
 /  memory for the working buffer, memory management functions, ff_memalloc() and
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@
 #define FF_FS_RPATH		0
 /* This option configures support for relative path.
 /
-/   0: Disable relative path and remove related functions.
+/   0: Disable relative path and remove related API functions.
 /   1: Enable relative path. f_chdir() and f_chdrive() are available.
-/   2: f_getcwd() function is available in addition to 1.
+/   2: f_getcwd() is available in addition to 1.
 */
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@
 /* FF_STR_VOLUME_ID switches support for volume ID in arbitrary strings.
 /  When FF_STR_VOLUME_ID is set to 1 or 2, arbitrary strings can be used as drive
 /  number in the path name. FF_VOLUME_STRS defines the volume ID strings for each
-/  logical drives. Number of items must not be less than FF_VOLUMES. Valid
+/  logical drive. Number of items must not be less than FF_VOLUMES. Valid
 /  characters for the volume ID strings are A-Z, a-z and 0-9, however, they are
 /  compared in case-insensitive. If FF_STR_VOLUME_ID >= 1 and FF_VOLUME_STRS is
-/  not defined, a user defined volume string table needs to be defined as:
+/  not defined, a user defined volume string table is needed as:
 /
 /  const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb",...
 */
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@
 /* This option switches support for multiple volumes on the physical drive.
 /  By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive
 /  number and only an FAT volume found on the physical drive will be mounted.
-/  When this function is enabled (1), each logical drive number can be bound to
+/  When this feature is enabled (1), each logical drive number can be bound to
 /  arbitrary physical drive and partition listed in the VolToPart[]. Also f_fdisk()
-/  funciton will be available. */
+/  will be available. */
 #define FF_MIN_SS		512
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@
 /* This set of options configures the range of sector size to be supported. (512,
 /  1024, 2048 or 4096) Always set both 512 for most systems, generic memory card and
 /  harddisk, but a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some
-/  type of optical media. When FF_MAX_SS is larger than FF_MIN_SS, FatFs is configured
+/  type of optical media. When FF_MAX_SS is larger than FF_MIN_SS, FatFs is
-/  for variable sector size mode and disk_ioctl() function needs to implement
+/  configured for variable sector size mode and disk_ioctl() needs to implement
 /  GET_SECTOR_SIZE command. */
@@ -209,14 +209,14 @@
 #define FF_MIN_GPT		0x10000000
-/* Minimum number of sectors to switch GPT as partitioning format in f_mkfs and
+/* Minimum number of sectors to switch GPT as partitioning format in f_mkfs() and 
-/  f_fdisk function. 0x100000000 max. This option has no effect when FF_LBA64 == 0. */
+/  f_fdisk(). 2^32 sectors maximum. This option has no effect when FF_LBA64 == 0. */
 #define FF_USE_TRIM		0
 /* This option switches support for ATA-TRIM. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
-/  To enable Trim function, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to the
+/  To enable this feature, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to
-/  disk_ioctl() function. */
+/  the disk_ioctl(). */
@@ -238,22 +238,22 @@
 #define FF_FS_NORTC		0
-#define FF_NORTC_MON	1
+#define FF_NORTC_MON	11
 #define FF_NORTC_MDAY	1
-#define FF_NORTC_YEAR	2020
+#define FF_NORTC_YEAR	2024
-/* The option FF_FS_NORTC switches timestamp functiton. If the system does not have
+/* The option FF_FS_NORTC switches timestamp feature. If the system does not have
-/  any RTC function or valid timestamp is not needed, set FF_FS_NORTC = 1 to disable
+/  an RTC or valid timestamp is not needed, set FF_FS_NORTC = 1 to disable the
-/  the timestamp function. Every object modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
+/  timestamp feature. Every object modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
 /  defined by FF_NORTC_MON, FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR in local time.
-/  To enable timestamp function (FF_FS_NORTC = 0), get_fattime() function need to be
+/  To enable timestamp function (FF_FS_NORTC = 0), get_fattime() need to be added
-/  added to the project to read current time form real-time clock. FF_NORTC_MON,
+/  to the project to read current time form real-time clock. FF_NORTC_MON,
 /  FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR have no effect.
 /  These options have no effect in read-only configuration (FF_FS_READONLY = 1). */
 #define FF_FS_NOFSINFO	0
 /* If you need to know correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of this
-/  option, and f_getfree() function at first time after volume mount will force
+/  option, and f_getfree() at the first time after volume mount will force
 /  a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number.
 /
 /  bit0=0: Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.
@@ -275,26 +275,21 @@
 /      lock control is independent of re-entrancy. */
 /* #include <somertos.h>	// O/S definitions */
 #define FF_FS_REENTRANT	0
 #define FF_FS_TIMEOUT	1000
 #define FF_SYNC_t		HANDLE
 /* The option FF_FS_REENTRANT switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs
 /  module itself. Note that regardless of this option, file access to different
 /  volume is always re-entrant and volume control functions, f_mount(), f_mkfs()
-/  and f_fdisk() function, are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access
+/  and f_fdisk(), are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access to
-/  to the same volume is under control of this function.
+/  the same volume is under control of this featuer.
 /
-/   0: Disable re-entrancy. FF_FS_TIMEOUT and FF_SYNC_t have no effect.
+/   0: Disable re-entrancy. FF_FS_TIMEOUT have no effect.
 /   1: Enable re-entrancy. Also user provided synchronization handlers,
-/      ff_req_grant(), ff_rel_grant(), ff_del_syncobj() and ff_cre_syncobj()
+/      ff_mutex_create(), ff_mutex_delete(), ff_mutex_take() and ff_mutex_give(),
-/      function, must be added to the project. Samples are available in
+/      must be added to the project. Samples are available in ffsystem.c.
 /      option/syscall.c.
 /
-/  The FF_FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of time tick.
+/  The FF_FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of O/S time tick.
-/  The FF_SYNC_t defines O/S dependent sync object type. e.g. HANDLE, ID, OS_EVENT*,
+*/
 /  SemaphoreHandle_t and etc. A header file for O/S definitions needs to be
 /  included somewhere in the scope of ff.h. */
@@ -1,170 +1,208 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Sample Code of OS Dependent Functions for FatFs                        */
+/* A Sample Code of User Provided OS Dependent Functions for FatFs        */
 /* (C)ChaN, 2018                                                          */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #include "ff.h"
-#if FF_USE_LFN == 3	/* Dynamic memory allocation */
+#if FF_USE_LFN == 3	/* Use dynamic memory allocation */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Allocate a memory block                                                */
+/* Allocate/Free a Memory Block                                           */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #include <stdlib.h>		/* with POSIX API */
 void* ff_memalloc (	/* Returns pointer to the allocated memory block (null if not enough core) */
 	UINT msize		/* Number of bytes to allocate */
 )
 {
-	return malloc(msize);	/* Allocate a new memory block with POSIX API */
+	return malloc((size_t)msize);	/* Allocate a new memory block */
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Free a memory block                                                    */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 void ff_memfree (
-	void* mblock	/* Pointer to the memory block to free (nothing to do if null) */
+	void* mblock	/* Pointer to the memory block to free (no effect if null) */
 )
 {
-	free(mblock);	/* Free the memory block with POSIX API */
+	free(mblock);	/* Free the memory block */
 }
 #endif
 #if FF_FS_REENTRANT	/* Mutal exclusion */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Create a Synchronization Object                                        */
+/* Definitions of Mutex                                                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called in f_mount() function to create a new
 /  synchronization object for the volume, such as semaphore and mutex.
 /  When a 0 is returned, the f_mount() function fails with FR_INT_ERR.
 */
-//const osMutexDef_t Mutex[FF_VOLUMES];	/* Table of CMSIS-RTOS mutex */
+#define OS_TYPE	0	/* 0:Win32, 1:uITRON4.0, 2:uC/OS-II, 3:FreeRTOS, 4:CMSIS-RTOS */
-int ff_cre_syncobj (	/* 1:Function succeeded, 0:Could not create the sync object */
+#if   OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
-	BYTE vol,			/* Corresponding volume (logical drive number) */
+#include <windows.h>
-	FF_SYNC_t* sobj		/* Pointer to return the created sync object */
+static HANDLE Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex handle */
 )
 {
 	/* Win32 */
 	*sobj = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
 	return (int)(*sobj != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
-	/* uITRON */
+#elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
-//	T_CSEM csem = {TA_TPRI,1,1};
+#include "itron.h"
-//	*sobj = acre_sem(&csem);
+#include "kernel.h"
-//	return (int)(*sobj > 0);
+static mtxid Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];		/* Table of mutex ID */
-	/* uC/OS-II */
+#elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uc/OS-II */
-//	OS_ERR err;
+#include "includes.h"
-//	*sobj = OSMutexCreate(0, &err);
+static OS_EVENT *Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex pinter */
 //	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
-	/* FreeRTOS */
+#elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
-//	*sobj = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+#include "FreeRTOS.h"
-//	return (int)(*sobj != NULL);
+#include "semphr.h"
 static SemaphoreHandle_t Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex handle */
-	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
+#elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
-//	*sobj = osMutexCreate(&Mutex[vol]);
+#include "cmsis_os.h"
-//	return (int)(*sobj != NULL);
+static osMutexId Mutex[FF_VOLUMES + 1];	/* Table of mutex ID */
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Delete a Synchronization Object                                        */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called in f_mount() function to delete a synchronization
 /  object that created with ff_cre_syncobj() function. When a 0 is returned,
 /  the f_mount() function fails with FR_INT_ERR.
 */
 int ff_del_syncobj (	/* 1:Function succeeded, 0:Could not delete due to an error */
 	FF_SYNC_t sobj		/* Sync object tied to the logical drive to be deleted */
 )
 {
 	/* Win32 */
 	return (int)CloseHandle(sobj);
 	/* uITRON */
 //	return (int)(del_sem(sobj) == E_OK);
 	/* uC/OS-II */
 //	OS_ERR err;
 //	OSMutexDel(sobj, OS_DEL_ALWAYS, &err);
 //	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
 	/* FreeRTOS */
 //  vSemaphoreDelete(sobj);
 //	return 1;
 	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 //	return (int)(osMutexDelete(sobj) == osOK);
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Request Grant to Access the Volume                                     */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called on entering file functions to lock the volume.
 /  When a 0 is returned, the file function fails with FR_TIMEOUT.
 */
 int ff_req_grant (	/* 1:Got a grant to access the volume, 0:Could not get a grant */
 	FF_SYNC_t sobj	/* Sync object to wait */
 )
 {
 	/* Win32 */
 	return (int)(WaitForSingleObject(sobj, FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
 	/* uITRON */
 //	return (int)(wai_sem(sobj) == E_OK);
 	/* uC/OS-II */
 //	OS_ERR err;
 //	OSMutexPend(sobj, FF_FS_TIMEOUT, &err));
 //	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
 	/* FreeRTOS */
 //	return (int)(xSemaphoreTake(sobj, FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == pdTRUE);
 	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 //	return (int)(osMutexWait(sobj, FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == osOK);
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Release Grant to Access the Volume                                     */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called on leaving file functions to unlock the volume.
 */
 void ff_rel_grant (
 	FF_SYNC_t sobj	/* Sync object to be signaled */
 )
 {
 	/* Win32 */
 	ReleaseMutex(sobj);
 	/* uITRON */
 //	sig_sem(sobj);
 	/* uC/OS-II */
 //	OSMutexPost(sobj);
 	/* FreeRTOS */
 //	xSemaphoreGive(sobj);
 	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 //	osMutexRelease(sobj);
 }
 #endif
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Create a Mutex                                                         */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called in f_mount function to create a new mutex
 /  or semaphore for the volume. When a 0 is returned, the f_mount function
 /  fails with FR_INT_ERR.
 */
 int ff_mutex_create (	/* Returns 1:Function succeeded or 0:Could not create the mutex */
 	int vol				/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
 )
 {
 #if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
 	Mutex[vol] = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
 	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
 	T_CMTX cmtx = {TA_TPRI,1};
 	Mutex[vol] = acre_mtx(&cmtx);
 	return (int)(Mutex[vol] > 0);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
 	OS_ERR err;
 	Mutex[vol] = OSMutexCreate(0, &err);
 	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
 	Mutex[vol] = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
 	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != NULL);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 	osMutexDef(cmsis_os_mutex);
 	Mutex[vol] = osMutexCreate(osMutex(cmsis_os_mutex));
 	return (int)(Mutex[vol] != NULL);
 #endif
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Delete a Mutex                                                         */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called in f_mount function to delete a mutex or
 /  semaphore of the volume created with ff_mutex_create function.
 */
 void ff_mutex_delete (	/* Returns 1:Function succeeded or 0:Could not delete due to an error */
 	int vol				/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
 )
 {
 #if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
 	CloseHandle(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
 	del_mtx(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
 	OS_ERR err;
 	OSMutexDel(Mutex[vol], OS_DEL_ALWAYS, &err);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
 	vSemaphoreDelete(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 	osMutexDelete(Mutex[vol]);
 #endif
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Request a Grant to Access the Volume                                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called on enter file functions to lock the volume.
 /  When a 0 is returned, the file function fails with FR_TIMEOUT.
 */
 int ff_mutex_take (	/* Returns 1:Succeeded or 0:Timeout */
 	int vol			/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
 )
 {
 #if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
 	return (int)(WaitForSingleObject(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
 	return (int)(tloc_mtx(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == E_OK);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
 	OS_ERR err;
 	OSMutexPend(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT, &err));
 	return (int)(err == OS_NO_ERR);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
 	return (int)(xSemaphoreTake(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == pdTRUE);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 	return (int)(osMutexWait(Mutex[vol], FF_FS_TIMEOUT) == osOK);
 #endif
 }
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* Release a Grant to Access the Volume                                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This function is called on leave file functions to unlock the volume.
 */
 void ff_mutex_give (
 	int vol			/* Mutex ID: Volume mutex (0 to FF_VOLUMES - 1) or system mutex (FF_VOLUMES) */
 )
 {
 #if OS_TYPE == 0	/* Win32 */
 	ReleaseMutex(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 1	/* uITRON */
 	unl_mtx(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 2	/* uC/OS-II */
 	OSMutexPost(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 3	/* FreeRTOS */
 	xSemaphoreGive(Mutex[vol]);
 #elif OS_TYPE == 4	/* CMSIS-RTOS */
 	osMutexRelease(Mutex[vol]);
 #endif
 }
 #endif	/* FF_FS_REENTRANT */
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Unicode handling functions for FatFs R0.13+                            */
+/* Unicode Handling Functions for FatFs R0.13 and Later                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This module will occupy a huge memory in the .rodata section when the  */
 /* FatFs is configured for LFN with DBCS. If the system has a Unicode     */
 /* library for the code conversion, this module should be modified to use */
 /* it to avoid silly memory consumption.                                  */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* This module will occupy a huge memory in the .const section when the    /
 /  FatFs is configured for LFN with DBCS. If the system has any Unicode    /
 /  utilitiy for the code conversion, this module should be modified to use /
 /  that function to avoid silly memory consumption.                        /
 /-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /*
-/ Copyright (C) 2014, ChaN, all right reserved.
+/ Copyright (C) 2022, ChaN, all right reserved.
 /
 / FatFs module is an open source software. Redistribution and use of FatFs in
 / source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "ff.h"
-#if FF_USE_LFN	/* This module will be blanked if non-LFN configuration */
+#if FF_USE_LFN != 0	/* This module will be blanked if in non-LFN configuration */
 #define MERGE2(a, b) a ## b
 #define CVTBL(tbl, cp) MERGE2(tbl, cp)
@@ -15214,8 +15214,8 @@ static const WCHAR uc869[] = {	/*  CP869(Greek 2) to Unicode conversion table */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* OEM <==> Unicode conversions for static code page configuration        */
+/* OEM <==> Unicode Conversions for Static Code Page Configuration with   */
-/* SBCS fixed code page                                                   */
+/* SBCS Fixed Code Page                                                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #if FF_CODE_PAGE != 0 && FF_CODE_PAGE < 900
@@ -15225,7 +15225,7 @@ WCHAR ff_uni2oem (	/* Returns OEM code character, zero on error */
 )
 {
 	WCHAR c = 0;
-	const WCHAR *p = CVTBL(uc, FF_CODE_PAGE);
+	const WCHAR* p = CVTBL(uc, FF_CODE_PAGE);
 	if (uni < 0x80) {	/* ASCII? */
@@ -15247,7 +15247,7 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 )
 {
 	WCHAR c = 0;
-	const WCHAR *p = CVTBL(uc, FF_CODE_PAGE);
+	const WCHAR* p = CVTBL(uc, FF_CODE_PAGE);
 	if (oem < 0x80) {	/* ASCII? */
@@ -15267,8 +15267,8 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* OEM <==> Unicode conversions for static code page configuration        */
+/* OEM <==> Unicode Conversions for Static Code Page Configuration with   */
-/* DBCS fixed code page                                                   */
+/* DBCS Fixed Code Page                                                   */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #if FF_CODE_PAGE >= 900
@@ -15277,7 +15277,7 @@ WCHAR ff_uni2oem (	/* Returns OEM code character, zero on error */
 	WORD	cp		/* Code page for the conversion */
 )
 {
-	const WCHAR *p;
+	const WCHAR* p;
 	WCHAR c = 0, uc;
 	UINT i = 0, n, li, hi;
@@ -15313,7 +15313,7 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 	WORD	cp		/* Code page for the conversion */
 )
 {
-	const WCHAR *p;
+	const WCHAR* p;
 	WCHAR c = 0;
 	UINT i = 0, n, li, hi;
@@ -15346,7 +15346,7 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* OEM <==> Unicode conversions for dynamic code page configuration       */
+/* OEM <==> Unicode Conversions for Dynamic Code Page Configuration       */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #if FF_CODE_PAGE == 0
@@ -15360,7 +15360,7 @@ WCHAR ff_uni2oem (	/* Returns OEM code character, zero on error */
 	WORD	cp		/* Code page for the conversion */
 )
 {
-	const WCHAR *p;
+	const WCHAR* p;
 	WCHAR c = 0, uc;
 	UINT i, n, li, hi;
@@ -15412,7 +15412,7 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 	WORD	cp		/* Code page for the conversion */
 )
 {
-	const WCHAR *p;
+	const WCHAR* p;
 	WCHAR c = 0;
 	UINT i, n, li, hi;
@@ -15458,14 +15458,14 @@ WCHAR ff_oem2uni (	/* Returns Unicode character in UTF-16, zero on error */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* Unicode up-case conversion                                             */
+/* Unicode Up-case Conversion                                             */
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 DWORD ff_wtoupper (	/* Returns up-converted code point */
 	DWORD uni		/* Unicode code point to be up-converted */
 )
 {
-	const WORD *p;
+	const WORD* p;
 	WORD uc, bc, nc, cmd;
 	static const WORD cvt1[] = {	/* Compressed up conversion table for U+0000 - U+0FFF */
 		/* Basic Latin */
@@ -15590,4 +15590,4 @@ DWORD ff_wtoupper (	/* Returns up-converted code point */
 }
-#endif /* #if FF_USE_LFN */
+#endif /* #if FF_USE_LFN != 0 */
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Christopher Williams	ff60b17ea7	R0.15a patch 1 January 9, 2025 FatFs fails to load the FsInfo in FAT32 volumes and the f_getfree function will always be forced a full FAT scan which takes a long time. This problem was appeared at R0.15a and reported via an e-mail.	2025-01-09 16:48:01 -07:00
Christopher Williams	44b3c38b23	R0.15a Nov 22, 2024 Fixed a complie error when FF_FS_LOCK != 0. (appeared at R0.15) Fixed a potential issue when work FatFs concurrency with FF_FS_REENTRANT, FF_VOLUMES >= 2 and FF_FS_LOCK > 0. Made f_setlabel accept a volume label with Unix style volume ID when FF_STR_VOLUME_ID == 2. Made FatFs update PercInUse field in exFAT VBR. (A preceding f_getfree is needed for the accuracy)	2024-11-25 16:44:32 -07:00
Christopher Williams	b11f089319	R0.15 patch 3 August 15, 2023 f_setlabel function fails when set a volume label in Unix style volume ID. This problem was reported via an email.	2023-08-16 17:35:03 -07:00
Christopher Williams	010b83715f	R0.15 patch 2 December 4, 2022 There is a potential issue when work FatFs concurrency with FF_FS_REENTRANT, FF_VOLUMES >= 2 and FF_FS_LOCK > 0. This problem was reported via the user forum.	2022-12-05 17:41:11 -07:00
Christopher Williams	4f08f1a02d	Update license notice	2022-11-14 17:45:28 -07:00
Christopher Williams	f81eb28dec	R0.15 patch 1 November 11, 2022 FF_FS_LOCK does not complile.	2022-11-14 17:38:57 -07:00
Christopher Williams	04d5545d67	FatFs R0.15, released November 6, 2022	2022-11-08 17:31:20 -07:00
`@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@`
	`FatFs Module Source Files R0.14b`	`FatFs Module Source Files R0.15`


	`FILES`	`FILES`